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 <section id="the-very-high-level-layer">
<h1>The Very High Level Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#the-very-high-level-layer" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
The functions in this chapter will let you execute Python source code given in a
file or a buffer, but they will not let you interact in a more detailed way with
the interpreter.
Several of these functions accept a start symbol from the grammar as a
parameter. The available start symbols are <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">Py_eval_input</code>,
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">Py_file_input</code>, and <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">Py_single_input</code>. These are described
following the functions which accept them as parameters.
Note also that several of these functions take <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">FILE*</code> parameters. One
particular issue which needs to be handled carefully is that the <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">FILE</code>
structure for different C libraries can be different and incompatible. Under
Windows (at least), it is possible for dynamically linked extensions to actually
use different libraries, so care should be taken that <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate">FILE*</code> parameters
are only passed to these functions if it is certain that they were created by
the same library that the Python runtime is using.
<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_Main">
int Py_Main(int argc, char **argv)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_Main" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>The main program for the standard interpreter. This is made available for
programs which embed Python. The argc and argv parameters should be
prepared exactly as those which are passed to a C program’s <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">main()</code>
function. It is important to note that the argument list may be modified (but
the contents of the strings pointed to by the argument list are not). The return
value will be <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code> if the interpreter exits normally (ie, without an
exception), <code class="docutils literal notranslate">1</code> if the interpreter exits due to an exception, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">2</code>
if the parameter list does not represent a valid Python command line.
Note that if an otherwise unhandled <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">SystemExit</code> is raised, this
function will not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">1</code>, but exit the process, as long as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">Py_InspectFlag</code> is not set.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_AnyFile">
int PyRun_AnyFile(FILE *fp, const char *filename)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_AnyFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_AnyFileExFlags" title="PyRun_AnyFileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_AnyFileExFlags()</code></a> below, leaving
closeit set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code> and flags set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_AnyFileFlags">
int PyRun_AnyFileFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_AnyFileFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_AnyFileExFlags" title="PyRun_AnyFileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_AnyFileExFlags()</code></a> below, leaving
the closeit argument set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_AnyFileEx">
int PyRun_AnyFileEx(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int closeit)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_AnyFileEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_AnyFileExFlags" title="PyRun_AnyFileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_AnyFileExFlags()</code></a> below, leaving
the flags argument set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_AnyFileExFlags">
int PyRun_AnyFileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int closeit, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_AnyFileExFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>If fp refers to a file associated with an interactive device (console or
terminal input or Unix pseudo-terminal), return the value of
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_InteractiveLoop" title="PyRun_InteractiveLoop"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_InteractiveLoop()</code></a>, otherwise return the result of
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleFile" title="PyRun_SimpleFile"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_SimpleFile()</code></a>. If filename is NULL, this function uses
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">&quot;???&quot;</code> as the filename.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_SimpleString">
int PyRun_SimpleString(const char *command)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleStringFlags" title="PyRun_SimpleStringFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_SimpleStringFlags()</code></a> below,
leaving the PyCompilerFlags* argument set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_SimpleStringFlags">
int PyRun_SimpleStringFlags(const char *command, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleStringFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Executes the Python source code from command in the <a class="reference internal" href="../library/__main__.html#module-__main__" title="__main__: The environment where the top-level script is run."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">__main__</code></a> module
according to the flags argument. If <a class="reference internal" href="../library/__main__.html#module-__main__" title="__main__: The environment where the top-level script is run."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">__main__</code></a> does not already exist, it
is created. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code> on success or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> if an exception was raised. If
there was an error, there is no way to get the exception information. For the
meaning of flags, see below.
Note that if an otherwise unhandled <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">SystemExit</code> is raised, this
function will not return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code>, but exit the process, as long as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">Py_InspectFlag</code> is not set.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_SimpleFile">
int PyRun_SimpleFile(FILE *fp, const char *filename)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags" title="PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()</code></a> below,
leaving closeit set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code> and flags set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_SimpleFileFlags">
int PyRun_SimpleFileFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleFileFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags" title="PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()</code></a> below,
leaving closeit set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_SimpleFileEx">
int PyRun_SimpleFileEx(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int closeit)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleFileEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags" title="PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags()</code></a> below,
leaving flags set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags">
int PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int closeit, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_SimpleStringFlags" title="PyRun_SimpleStringFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_SimpleStringFlags()</code></a>, but the Python source code is read
from fp instead of an in-memory string. filename should be the name of the
file. If closeit is true, the file is closed before PyRun_SimpleFileExFlags
returns.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_InteractiveOne">
int PyRun_InteractiveOne(FILE *fp, const char *filename)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_InteractiveOne" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags" title="PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags()</code></a> below,
leaving flags set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags">
int PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_InteractiveOneFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Read and execute a single statement from a file associated with an
interactive device according to the flags argument. The user will be
prompted using <code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.ps1</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.ps2</code>. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code> when the input was
executed successfully, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-1</code> if there was an exception, or an error code
from the <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">errcode.h</code> include file distributed as part of Python if
there was a parse error. (Note that <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">errcode.h</code> is not included by
<code class="file docutils literal notranslate">Python.h</code>, so must be included specifically if needed.)
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_InteractiveLoop">
int PyRun_InteractiveLoop(FILE *fp, const char *filename)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_InteractiveLoop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags" title="PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags()</code></a> below,
leaving flags set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags">
int PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_InteractiveLoopFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Read and execute statements from a file associated with an interactive device
until EOF is reached. The user will be prompted using <code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.ps1</code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.ps2</code>. Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code> at EOF.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyParser_SimpleParseString">
struct _node *PyParser_SimpleParseString(const char *str, int start)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyParser_SimpleParseString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename" title="PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename()</code></a> below, leaving filename set
to NULL and flags set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags">
struct _node *PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags(const char *str, int start, int flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename" title="PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename()</code></a> below, leaving filename set
to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename">
struct _node *PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename(const char *str, const char *filename, int start, int flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Parse Python source code from str using the start token start according to
the flags argument. The result can be used to create a code object which can
be evaluated efficiently. This is useful if a code fragment must be evaluated
many times.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyParser_SimpleParseFile">
struct _node *PyParser_SimpleParseFile(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyParser_SimpleParseFile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags" title="PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags()</code></a> below,
leaving flags set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags">
struct _node *PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, int flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyParser_SimpleParseFileFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename" title="PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyParser_SimpleParseStringFlagsFilename()</code></a>, but the Python
source code is read from fp instead of an in-memory string.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_String">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyRun_String(const char *str, int start, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *globals, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *locals)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_String" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_StringFlags" title="PyRun_StringFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_StringFlags()</code></a> below, leaving
flags set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_StringFlags">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyRun_StringFlags(const char *str, int start, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *globals, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *locals, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_StringFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Execute Python source code from str in the context specified by the
dictionaries globals and locals with the compiler flags specified by
flags. The parameter start specifies the start token that should be used to
parse the source code.
Returns the result of executing the code as a Python object, or NULL if an
exception was raised.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_File">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyRun_File(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *globals, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *locals)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_File" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_FileExFlags" title="PyRun_FileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_FileExFlags()</code></a> below, leaving
closeit set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code> and flags set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_FileEx">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyRun_FileEx(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *globals, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *locals, int closeit)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_FileEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_FileExFlags" title="PyRun_FileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_FileExFlags()</code></a> below, leaving
flags set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_FileFlags">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyRun_FileFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *globals, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *locals, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_FileFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_FileExFlags" title="PyRun_FileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_FileExFlags()</code></a> below, leaving
closeit set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyRun_FileExFlags">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyRun_FileExFlags(FILE *fp, const char *filename, int start, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *globals, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *locals, int closeit, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyRun_FileExFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_StringFlags" title="PyRun_StringFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_StringFlags()</code></a>, but the Python source code is read from
fp instead of an in-memory string. filename should be the name of the file.
If closeit is true, the file is closed before <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyRun_FileExFlags" title="PyRun_FileExFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyRun_FileExFlags()</code></a>
returns.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_CompileString">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *Py_CompileString(const char *str, const char *filename, int start)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_CompileString" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_CompileStringFlags" title="Py_CompileStringFlags"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">Py_CompileStringFlags()</code></a> below, leaving
flags set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_CompileStringFlags">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *Py_CompileStringFlags(const char *str, const char *filename, int start, PyCompilerFlags *flags)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_CompileStringFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Parse and compile the Python source code in str, returning the resulting code
object. The start token is given by start; this can be used to constrain the
code which can be compiled and should be <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">Py_eval_input</code>,
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">Py_file_input</code>, or <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">Py_single_input</code>. The filename specified by
filename is used to construct the code object and may appear in tracebacks or
<code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">SyntaxError</code> exception messages. This returns NULL if the code cannot
be parsed or compiled.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyEval_EvalCode">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyEval_EvalCode(<a class="reference internal" href="code.html#c.PyCodeObject" title="PyCodeObject">PyCodeObject</a> *co, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *globals, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *locals)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyEval_EvalCode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is a simplified interface to <a class="reference internal" href="#c.PyEval_EvalCodeEx" title="PyEval_EvalCodeEx"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">PyEval_EvalCodeEx()</code></a>, with just
the code object, and the dictionaries of global and local variables.
The other arguments are set to NULL.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyEval_EvalCodeEx">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyEval_EvalCodeEx(<a class="reference internal" href="code.html#c.PyCodeObject" title="PyCodeObject">PyCodeObject</a> *co, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *globals, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *locals, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> **args, int argcount, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> **kws, int kwcount, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> **defs, int defcount, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *closure)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyEval_EvalCodeEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Evaluate a precompiled code object, given a particular environment for its
evaluation. This environment consists of dictionaries of global and local
variables, arrays of arguments, keywords and defaults, and a closure tuple of
cells.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyEval_EvalFrame">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyEval_EvalFrame(PyFrameObject *f)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyEval_EvalFrame" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>Evaluate an execution frame. This is a simplified interface to
PyEval_EvalFrameEx, for backward compatibility.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyEval_EvalFrameEx">
<a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a> *PyEval_EvalFrameEx(PyFrameObject *f, int throwflag)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyEval_EvalFrameEx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This is the main, unvarnished function of Python interpretation. It is
literally 2000 lines long. The code object associated with the execution
frame f is executed, interpreting bytecode and executing calls as needed.
The additional throwflag parameter can mostly be ignored - if true, then
it causes an exception to immediately be thrown; this is used for the
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/expressions.html#generator.throw" title="generator.throw"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">throw()</code></a> methods of generator objects.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c function">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags">
int PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags(PyCompilerFlags *cf)<a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyEval_MergeCompilerFlags" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This function changes the flags of the current evaluation frame, and returns
true on success, false on failure.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_eval_input">
int Py_eval_input<a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_eval_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>The start symbol from the Python grammar for isolated expressions; for use with
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_CompileString" title="Py_CompileString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">Py_CompileString()</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_file_input">
int Py_file_input<a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_file_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>The start symbol from the Python grammar for sequences of statements as read
from a file or other source; for use with <a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_CompileString" title="Py_CompileString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">Py_CompileString()</code></a>. This is
the symbol to use when compiling arbitrarily long Python source code.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.Py_single_input">
int Py_single_input<a class="headerlink" href="#c.Py_single_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>The start symbol from the Python grammar for a single statement; for use with
<a class="reference internal" href="#c.Py_CompileString" title="Py_CompileString"><code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">Py_CompileString()</code></a>. This is the symbol used for the interactive
interpreter loop.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c type">
<dt class="sig sig-object c">
struct PyCompilerFlags</dt>
<dd>This is the structure used to hold compiler flags. In cases where code is only
being compiled, it is passed as <code class="docutils literal notranslate">int flags</code>, and in cases where code is being
executed, it is passed as <code class="docutils literal notranslate">PyCompilerFlags *flags</code>. In this case, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">from
__future__ import</code> can modify flags.
Whenever <code class="docutils literal notranslate">PyCompilerFlags *flags</code> is NULL, <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">cf_flags</code> is treated as
equal to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">0</code>, and any modification due to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">from __future__ import</code> is
discarded.
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>struct PyCompilerFlags {
 int cf_flags;
}
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="c var">
<dt class="sig sig-object c" id="c.CO_FUTURE_DIVISION">
int CO_FUTURE_DIVISION<a class="headerlink" href="#c.CO_FUTURE_DIVISION" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a> </dt>
<dd>This bit can be set in flags to cause division operator <code class="docutils literal notranslate">/</code> to be
interpreted as “true division” according to <a class="pep reference external" href="https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0238">PEP 238</a>.
</dd></dl>

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