Linux cpanel.rrshost.in 5.15.0-25-generic #25-Ubuntu SMP Wed Mar 30 15:54:22 UTC 2022 x86_64
Apache
: 109.123.238.221 | : 172.69.7.26
128 Domain
8.2.28
aev999
Terminal
AUTO ROOT
Adminer
Backdoor Destroyer
Linux Exploit
Lock Shell
Lock File
Create User
CREATE RDP
PHP Mailer
BACKCONNECT
HASH IDENTIFIER
README
+ Create Folder
+ Create File
/
usr /
share /
doc /
python2.7 /
html /
_sources /
library /
[ HOME SHELL ]
Name
Size
Permission
Action
2to3.rst.txt
14.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
__builtin__.rst.txt
1.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
__future__.rst.txt
4.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
__main__.rst.txt
535
B
-rw-r--r--
_winreg.rst.txt
22.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
abc.rst.txt
7.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
aepack.rst.txt
4.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
aetools.rst.txt
3.45
KB
-rw-r--r--
aetypes.rst.txt
4.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
aifc.rst.txt
6.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
al.rst.txt
5.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
allos.rst.txt
695
B
-rw-r--r--
anydbm.rst.txt
4.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
archiving.rst.txt
424
B
-rw-r--r--
argparse.rst.txt
72.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
array.rst.txt
10.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
ast.rst.txt
10.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
asynchat.rst.txt
8.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
asyncore.rst.txt
12.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
atexit.rst.txt
3.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
audioop.rst.txt
10.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
autogil.rst.txt
1015
B
-rw-r--r--
base64.rst.txt
6.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
basehttpserver.rst.txt
10.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
bastion.rst.txt
2.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
bdb.rst.txt
12.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
binascii.rst.txt
6.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
binhex.rst.txt
1.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
bisect.rst.txt
5.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
bsddb.rst.txt
7.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
bz2.rst.txt
7.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
calendar.rst.txt
11.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
carbon.rst.txt
15.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
cd.rst.txt
11.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
cgi.rst.txt
22.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
cgihttpserver.rst.txt
2.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
cgitb.rst.txt
2.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
chunk.rst.txt
4.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
cmath.rst.txt
7.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
cmd.rst.txt
8.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
code.rst.txt
6.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
codecs.rst.txt
65.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
codeop.rst.txt
3.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
collections.rst.txt
40.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
colorpicker.rst.txt
913
B
-rw-r--r--
colorsys.rst.txt
1.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
commands.rst.txt
2.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
compileall.rst.txt
4.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
compiler.rst.txt
36.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
configparser.rst.txt
19.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
constants.rst.txt
2.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
contextlib.rst.txt
5.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
cookie.rst.txt
9.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
cookielib.rst.txt
27.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
copy.rst.txt
3.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
copy_reg.rst.txt
2.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
crypt.rst.txt
2.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
crypto.rst.txt
355
B
-rw-r--r--
csv.rst.txt
22.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
ctypes.rst.txt
88.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
curses.ascii.rst.txt
8.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
curses.panel.rst.txt
2.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
curses.rst.txt
73.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
custominterp.rst.txt
570
B
-rw-r--r--
datatypes.rst.txt
864
B
-rw-r--r--
datetime.rst.txt
72.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
dbhash.rst.txt
3.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
dbm.rst.txt
3.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
debug.rst.txt
446
B
-rw-r--r--
decimal.rst.txt
69.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
development.rst.txt
640
B
-rw-r--r--
difflib.rst.txt
30
KB
-rw-r--r--
dircache.rst.txt
1.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
dis.rst.txt
22.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
distribution.rst.txt
426
B
-rw-r--r--
distutils.rst.txt
1.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
dl.rst.txt
3.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
doctest.rst.txt
72.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
docxmlrpcserver.rst.txt
3.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
dumbdbm.rst.txt
2.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
dummy_thread.rst.txt
1.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
dummy_threading.rst.txt
799
B
-rw-r--r--
easydialogs.rst.txt
10.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
email-examples.rst.txt
1.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.charset.rst.txt
9.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.encoders.rst.txt
2.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.errors.rst.txt
3.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.generator.rst.txt
5.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.header.rst.txt
7.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.iterators.rst.txt
2.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.message.rst.txt
24.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.mime.rst.txt
9.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.parser.rst.txt
10.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.rst.txt
15.73
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.utils.rst.txt
6.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
ensurepip.rst.txt
4.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
errno.rst.txt
6.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
exceptions.rst.txt
18.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
fcntl.rst.txt
7.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
filecmp.rst.txt
5.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
fileformats.rst.txt
302
B
-rw-r--r--
fileinput.rst.txt
7.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
filesys.rst.txt
806
B
-rw-r--r--
fl.rst.txt
17.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
fm.rst.txt
2.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
fnmatch.rst.txt
3.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
formatter.rst.txt
12.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
fpectl.rst.txt
4.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
fpformat.rst.txt
1.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
fractions.rst.txt
5.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
framework.rst.txt
11.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
frameworks.rst.txt
378
B
-rw-r--r--
ftplib.rst.txt
15.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
functions.rst.txt
73.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
functools.rst.txt
7.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
future_builtins.rst.txt
1.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
gc.rst.txt
8.8
KB
-rw-r--r--
gdbm.rst.txt
4.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
gensuitemodule.rst.txt
3.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
getopt.rst.txt
6.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
getpass.rst.txt
1.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
gettext.rst.txt
28.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
gl.rst.txt
5.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
glob.rst.txt
2.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
grp.rst.txt
2.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
gzip.rst.txt
4.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
hashlib.rst.txt
7.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
heapq.rst.txt
12.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
hmac.rst.txt
3
KB
-rw-r--r--
hotshot.rst.txt
4.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
htmllib.rst.txt
7.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
htmlparser.rst.txt
11.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
httplib.rst.txt
36.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
i18n.rst.txt
409
B
-rw-r--r--
ic.rst.txt
4.89
KB
-rw-r--r--
idle.rst.txt
21.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
imageop.rst.txt
3.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
imaplib.rst.txt
16.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
imgfile.rst.txt
2.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
imghdr.rst.txt
2.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
imp.rst.txt
12.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
importlib.rst.txt
1.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
imputil.rst.txt
6.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
index.rst.txt
2.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
inspect.rst.txt
27.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
internet.rst.txt
950
B
-rw-r--r--
intro.rst.txt
2.74
KB
-rw-r--r--
io.rst.txt
38.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
ipc.rst.txt
630
B
-rw-r--r--
itertools.rst.txt
35.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
jpeg.rst.txt
3.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
json.rst.txt
24.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
keyword.rst.txt
617
B
-rw-r--r--
language.rst.txt
523
B
-rw-r--r--
linecache.rst.txt
1.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
locale.rst.txt
24.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
logging.config.rst.txt
30.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
logging.handlers.rst.txt
27.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
logging.rst.txt
45.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
mac.rst.txt
791
B
-rw-r--r--
macos.rst.txt
3.73
KB
-rw-r--r--
macosa.rst.txt
3.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
macostools.rst.txt
3.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
macpath.rst.txt
650
B
-rw-r--r--
mailbox.rst.txt
66.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
mailcap.rst.txt
3.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
markup.rst.txt
1.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
marshal.rst.txt
5.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
math.rst.txt
10.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
md5.rst.txt
2.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
mhlib.rst.txt
3.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimetools.rst.txt
4.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimetypes.rst.txt
9.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimewriter.rst.txt
3.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimify.rst.txt
3.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
miniaeframe.rst.txt
2.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
misc.rst.txt
248
B
-rw-r--r--
mm.rst.txt
447
B
-rw-r--r--
mmap.rst.txt
10.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
modulefinder.rst.txt
3.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
modules.rst.txt
382
B
-rw-r--r--
msilib.rst.txt
18.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
msvcrt.rst.txt
4.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
multifile.rst.txt
6.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
multiprocessing.rst.txt
90.45
KB
-rw-r--r--
mutex.rst.txt
1.89
KB
-rw-r--r--
netdata.rst.txt
432
B
-rw-r--r--
netrc.rst.txt
3.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
new.rst.txt
2.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
nis.rst.txt
2.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
nntplib.rst.txt
14.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
numbers.rst.txt
7.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
numeric.rst.txt
751
B
-rw-r--r--
operator.rst.txt
21.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
optparse.rst.txt
75.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
os.path.rst.txt
12.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
os.rst.txt
80.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
ossaudiodev.rst.txt
16.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
othergui.rst.txt
2.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
parser.rst.txt
15.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
pdb.rst.txt
15.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
persistence.rst.txt
826
B
-rw-r--r--
pickle.rst.txt
36.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
pickletools.rst.txt
1.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
pipes.rst.txt
3.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
pkgutil.rst.txt
7.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
platform.rst.txt
9.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
plistlib.rst.txt
4.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
popen2.rst.txt
6.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
poplib.rst.txt
6.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
posix.rst.txt
3.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
posixfile.rst.txt
7.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
pprint.rst.txt
8.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
profile.rst.txt
27.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
pty.rst.txt
1.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
pwd.rst.txt
2.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
py_compile.rst.txt
2.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
pyclbr.rst.txt
3.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
pydoc.rst.txt
3.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
pyexpat.rst.txt
28.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
python.rst.txt
514
B
-rw-r--r--
queue.rst.txt
6.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
quopri.rst.txt
2.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
random.rst.txt
13.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
re.rst.txt
53.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
readline.rst.txt
10.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
repr.rst.txt
4.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
resource.rst.txt
9.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
restricted.rst.txt
3.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
rexec.rst.txt
11.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
rfc822.rst.txt
13.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
rlcompleter.rst.txt
2.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
robotparser.rst.txt
2.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
runpy.rst.txt
6.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
sched.rst.txt
4.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
scrolledtext.rst.txt
1.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
select.rst.txt
20.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
sets.rst.txt
14.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
sgi.rst.txt
322
B
-rw-r--r--
sgmllib.rst.txt
10.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
sha.rst.txt
2.74
KB
-rw-r--r--
shelve.rst.txt
8.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
shlex.rst.txt
11.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
shutil.rst.txt
13.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
signal.rst.txt
10.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
simplehttpserver.rst.txt
4.45
KB
-rw-r--r--
simplexmlrpcserver.rst.txt
10.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
site.rst.txt
7.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
smtpd.rst.txt
2.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
smtplib.rst.txt
14.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
sndhdr.rst.txt
1.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
socket.rst.txt
39.81
KB
-rw-r--r--
socketserver.rst.txt
21.98
KB
-rw-r--r--
someos.rst.txt
599
B
-rw-r--r--
spwd.rst.txt
2.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
sqlite3.rst.txt
34.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
ssl.rst.txt
74.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
stat.rst.txt
7.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
statvfs.rst.txt
1.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
stdtypes.rst.txt
119.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
string.rst.txt
43.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
stringio.rst.txt
4.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
stringprep.rst.txt
4.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
strings.rst.txt
746
B
-rw-r--r--
struct.rst.txt
16.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
subprocess.rst.txt
32.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
sun.rst.txt
249
B
-rw-r--r--
sunau.rst.txt
6.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
sunaudio.rst.txt
5.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
symbol.rst.txt
975
B
-rw-r--r--
symtable.rst.txt
4.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
sys.rst.txt
46.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
sysconfig.rst.txt
7.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
syslog.rst.txt
3.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
tabnanny.rst.txt
1.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
tarfile.rst.txt
27.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
telnetlib.rst.txt
7.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
tempfile.rst.txt
10.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
termios.rst.txt
3.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
test.rst.txt
17.34
KB
-rw-r--r--
textwrap.rst.txt
8.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
thread.rst.txt
6.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
threading.rst.txt
31.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
time.rst.txt
25.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
timeit.rst.txt
11.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
tix.rst.txt
22.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
tk.rst.txt
1.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
tkinter.rst.txt
32.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
token.rst.txt
2.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
tokenize.rst.txt
5.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
trace.rst.txt
6.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
traceback.rst.txt
10.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
ttk.rst.txt
56.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
tty.rst.txt
1011
B
-rw-r--r--
turtle.rst.txt
62.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
types.rst.txt
6.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
undoc.rst.txt
6.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
unicodedata.rst.txt
5.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
unittest.rst.txt
81.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
unix.rst.txt
490
B
-rw-r--r--
urllib.rst.txt
24.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
urllib2.rst.txt
34.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
urlparse.rst.txt
16.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
user.rst.txt
2.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
userdict.rst.txt
9.07
KB
-rw-r--r--
uu.rst.txt
2.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
uuid.rst.txt
8.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
warnings.rst.txt
19.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
wave.rst.txt
4.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
weakref.rst.txt
12.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
webbrowser.rst.txt
9.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
whichdb.rst.txt
931
B
-rw-r--r--
windows.rst.txt
273
B
-rw-r--r--
winsound.rst.txt
4.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
wsgiref.rst.txt
29.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
xdrlib.rst.txt
7.89
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.minidom.rst.txt
10.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.pulldom.rst.txt
1.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.rst.txt
39.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.etree.elementtree.rst.txt
34.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.rst.txt
5.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.handler.rst.txt
15.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.reader.rst.txt
11.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.rst.txt
6.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.utils.rst.txt
3.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
xmlrpclib.rst.txt
22.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
zipfile.rst.txt
18.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
zipimport.rst.txt
5.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
zlib.rst.txt
12.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
Delete
Unzip
Zip
${this.title}
Close
Code Editor : fcntl.rst.txt
:mod:`fcntl` --- The ``fcntl`` and ``ioctl`` system calls ========================================================= .. module:: fcntl :platform: Unix :synopsis: The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls. .. sectionauthor:: Jaap Vermeulen .. index:: pair: UNIX; file control pair: UNIX; I/O control This module performs file control and I/O control on file descriptors. It is an interface to the :c:func:`fcntl` and :c:func:`ioctl` Unix routines. For a complete description of these calls, see :manpage:`fcntl(2)` and :manpage:`ioctl(2)` Unix manual pages. All functions in this module take a file descriptor *fd* as their first argument. This can be an integer file descriptor, such as returned by ``sys.stdin.fileno()``, or a file object, such as ``sys.stdin`` itself, which provides a :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` which returns a genuine file descriptor. The module defines the following functions: .. function:: fcntl(fd, op[, arg]) Perform the operation *op* on file descriptor *fd* (file objects providing a :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method are accepted as well). The values used for for *op* are operating system dependent, and are available as constants in the :mod:`fcntl` module, using the same names as used in the relevant C header files. The argument *arg* is optional, and defaults to the integer value ``0``. When present, it can either be an integer value, or a string. With the argument missing or an integer value, the return value of this function is the integer return value of the C :c:func:`fcntl` call. When the argument is a string it represents a binary structure, e.g. created by :func:`struct.pack`. The binary data is copied to a buffer whose address is passed to the C :c:func:`fcntl` call. The return value after a successful call is the contents of the buffer, converted to a string object. The length of the returned string will be the same as the length of the *arg* argument. This is limited to 1024 bytes. If the information returned in the buffer by the operating system is larger than 1024 bytes, this is most likely to result in a segmentation violation or a more subtle data corruption. If the :c:func:`fcntl` fails, an :exc:`IOError` is raised. .. function:: ioctl(fd, op[, arg[, mutate_flag]]) This function is identical to the :func:`~fcntl.fcntl` function, except that the operations are typically defined in the library module :mod:`termios` and the argument handling is even more complicated. The op parameter is limited to values that can fit in 32-bits. Additional constants of interest for use as the *op* argument can be found in the :mod:`termios` module, under the same names as used in the relevant C header files. The parameter *arg* can be one of an integer, absent (treated identically to the integer ``0``), an object supporting the read-only buffer interface (most likely a plain Python string) or an object supporting the read-write buffer interface. In all but the last case, behaviour is as for the :func:`~fcntl.fcntl` function. If a mutable buffer is passed, then the behaviour is determined by the value of the *mutate_flag* parameter. If it is false, the buffer's mutability is ignored and behaviour is as for a read-only buffer, except that the 1024 byte limit mentioned above is avoided -- so long as the buffer you pass is as least as long as what the operating system wants to put there, things should work. If *mutate_flag* is true, then the buffer is (in effect) passed to the underlying :func:`ioctl` system call, the latter's return code is passed back to the calling Python, and the buffer's new contents reflect the action of the :func:`ioctl`. This is a slight simplification, because if the supplied buffer is less than 1024 bytes long it is first copied into a static buffer 1024 bytes long which is then passed to :func:`ioctl` and copied back into the supplied buffer. If *mutate_flag* is not supplied, then from Python 2.5 it defaults to true, which is a change from versions 2.3 and 2.4. Supply the argument explicitly if version portability is a priority. If the :c:func:`ioctl` fails, an :exc:`IOError` exception is raised. An example:: >>> import array, fcntl, struct, termios, os >>> os.getpgrp() 13341 >>> struct.unpack('h', fcntl.ioctl(0, termios.TIOCGPGRP, " "))[0] 13341 >>> buf = array.array('h', [0]) >>> fcntl.ioctl(0, termios.TIOCGPGRP, buf, 1) 0 >>> buf array('h', [13341]) .. function:: flock(fd, op) Perform the lock operation *op* on file descriptor *fd* (file objects providing a :meth:`~io.IOBase.fileno` method are accepted as well). See the Unix manual :manpage:`flock(2)` for details. (On some systems, this function is emulated using :c:func:`fcntl`.) If the :c:func:`flock` fails, an :exc:`IOError` exception is raised. .. function:: lockf(fd, operation, [length, [start, [whence]]]) This is essentially a wrapper around the :func:`~fcntl.fcntl` locking calls. *fd* is the file descriptor of the file to lock or unlock, and *operation* is one of the following values: * :const:`LOCK_UN` -- unlock * :const:`LOCK_SH` -- acquire a shared lock * :const:`LOCK_EX` -- acquire an exclusive lock When *operation* is :const:`LOCK_SH` or :const:`LOCK_EX`, it can also be bitwise ORed with :const:`LOCK_NB` to avoid blocking on lock acquisition. If :const:`LOCK_NB` is used and the lock cannot be acquired, an :exc:`IOError` will be raised and the exception will have an *errno* attribute set to :const:`EACCES` or :const:`EAGAIN` (depending on the operating system; for portability, check for both values). On at least some systems, :const:`LOCK_EX` can only be used if the file descriptor refers to a file opened for writing. *length* is the number of bytes to lock, *start* is the byte offset at which the lock starts, relative to *whence*, and *whence* is as with :func:`io.IOBase.seek`, specifically: * :const:`0` -- relative to the start of the file (:data:`os.SEEK_SET`) * :const:`1` -- relative to the current buffer position (:data:`os.SEEK_CUR`) * :const:`2` -- relative to the end of the file (:data:`os.SEEK_END`) The default for *start* is 0, which means to start at the beginning of the file. The default for *length* is 0 which means to lock to the end of the file. The default for *whence* is also 0. Examples (all on a SVR4 compliant system):: import struct, fcntl, os f = open(...) rv = fcntl.fcntl(f, fcntl.F_SETFL, os.O_NDELAY) lockdata = struct.pack('hhllhh', fcntl.F_WRLCK, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0) rv = fcntl.fcntl(f, fcntl.F_SETLKW, lockdata) Note that in the first example the return value variable *rv* will hold an integer value; in the second example it will hold a string value. The structure lay-out for the *lockdata* variable is system dependent --- therefore using the :func:`flock` call may be better. .. seealso:: Module :mod:`os` If the locking flags :data:`~os.O_SHLOCK` and :data:`~os.O_EXLOCK` are present in the :mod:`os` module (on BSD only), the :func:`os.open` function provides an alternative to the :func:`lockf` and :func:`flock` functions.
Close
