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2to3.rst.txt
14.3
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__builtin__.rst.txt
1.46
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__future__.rst.txt
4.84
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__main__.rst.txt
535
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_winreg.rst.txt
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abc.rst.txt
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aepack.rst.txt
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aetools.rst.txt
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aetypes.rst.txt
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aifc.rst.txt
6.92
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al.rst.txt
5.18
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allos.rst.txt
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anydbm.rst.txt
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archiving.rst.txt
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argparse.rst.txt
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array.rst.txt
10.28
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ast.rst.txt
10.23
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asynchat.rst.txt
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asyncore.rst.txt
12.63
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atexit.rst.txt
3.82
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audioop.rst.txt
10.15
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autogil.rst.txt
1015
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base64.rst.txt
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basehttpserver.rst.txt
10.16
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bastion.rst.txt
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bdb.rst.txt
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binascii.rst.txt
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binhex.rst.txt
1.87
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bisect.rst.txt
5.29
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bsddb.rst.txt
7.4
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bz2.rst.txt
7.88
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calendar.rst.txt
11.02
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carbon.rst.txt
15.58
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cd.rst.txt
11.69
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cgi.rst.txt
22.32
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cgihttpserver.rst.txt
2.72
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cgitb.rst.txt
2.81
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chunk.rst.txt
4.84
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cmath.rst.txt
7.47
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cmd.rst.txt
8.36
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code.rst.txt
6.95
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codecs.rst.txt
65.4
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codeop.rst.txt
3.69
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collections.rst.txt
40.48
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colorpicker.rst.txt
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colorsys.rst.txt
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commands.rst.txt
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compileall.rst.txt
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compiler.rst.txt
36.59
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configparser.rst.txt
19.15
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constants.rst.txt
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contextlib.rst.txt
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cookie.rst.txt
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cookielib.rst.txt
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copy.rst.txt
3.27
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copy_reg.rst.txt
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crypt.rst.txt
2.24
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crypto.rst.txt
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csv.rst.txt
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ctypes.rst.txt
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curses.ascii.rst.txt
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curses.panel.rst.txt
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curses.rst.txt
73.12
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custominterp.rst.txt
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datatypes.rst.txt
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datetime.rst.txt
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dbhash.rst.txt
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dbm.rst.txt
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debug.rst.txt
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decimal.rst.txt
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development.rst.txt
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difflib.rst.txt
30
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dircache.rst.txt
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dis.rst.txt
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distribution.rst.txt
426
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distutils.rst.txt
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dl.rst.txt
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doctest.rst.txt
72.25
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docxmlrpcserver.rst.txt
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dumbdbm.rst.txt
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dummy_thread.rst.txt
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dummy_threading.rst.txt
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easydialogs.rst.txt
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email-examples.rst.txt
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email.charset.rst.txt
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email.encoders.rst.txt
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email.errors.rst.txt
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email.generator.rst.txt
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email.header.rst.txt
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email.iterators.rst.txt
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email.message.rst.txt
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email.mime.rst.txt
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email.parser.rst.txt
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email.rst.txt
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email.utils.rst.txt
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ensurepip.rst.txt
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errno.rst.txt
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exceptions.rst.txt
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fcntl.rst.txt
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filecmp.rst.txt
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fileformats.rst.txt
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fileinput.rst.txt
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filesys.rst.txt
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fl.rst.txt
17.23
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fm.rst.txt
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fnmatch.rst.txt
3.03
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formatter.rst.txt
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fpectl.rst.txt
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fpformat.rst.txt
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fractions.rst.txt
5.17
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framework.rst.txt
11.18
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frameworks.rst.txt
378
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ftplib.rst.txt
15.35
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functions.rst.txt
73.75
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functools.rst.txt
7.27
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future_builtins.rst.txt
1.96
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gc.rst.txt
8.8
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gdbm.rst.txt
4.77
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gensuitemodule.rst.txt
3.04
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getopt.rst.txt
6.51
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getpass.rst.txt
1.83
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gettext.rst.txt
28.36
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gl.rst.txt
5.87
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glob.rst.txt
2.36
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grp.rst.txt
2.2
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gzip.rst.txt
4.71
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hashlib.rst.txt
7.21
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heapq.rst.txt
12.88
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hmac.rst.txt
3
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hotshot.rst.txt
4.19
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htmllib.rst.txt
7.21
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htmlparser.rst.txt
11.37
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httplib.rst.txt
36.58
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i18n.rst.txt
409
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ic.rst.txt
4.89
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idle.rst.txt
21.66
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imageop.rst.txt
3.91
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imaplib.rst.txt
16.82
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imgfile.rst.txt
2.7
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imghdr.rst.txt
2.57
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imp.rst.txt
12.3
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importlib.rst.txt
1.1
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imputil.rst.txt
6.86
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index.rst.txt
2.23
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inspect.rst.txt
27.49
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internet.rst.txt
950
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intro.rst.txt
2.74
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io.rst.txt
38.11
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ipc.rst.txt
630
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itertools.rst.txt
35.67
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jpeg.rst.txt
3.77
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json.rst.txt
24.95
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keyword.rst.txt
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language.rst.txt
523
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linecache.rst.txt
1.84
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locale.rst.txt
24.39
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logging.config.rst.txt
30.82
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logging.handlers.rst.txt
27.49
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logging.rst.txt
45.78
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mac.rst.txt
791
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macos.rst.txt
3.73
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macosa.rst.txt
3.87
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macostools.rst.txt
3.92
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macpath.rst.txt
650
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mailbox.rst.txt
66.53
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mailcap.rst.txt
3.59
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markup.rst.txt
1.22
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marshal.rst.txt
5.56
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math.rst.txt
10.66
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md5.rst.txt
2.75
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mhlib.rst.txt
3.87
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mimetools.rst.txt
4.4
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mimetypes.rst.txt
9.61
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mimewriter.rst.txt
3.28
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mimify.rst.txt
3.44
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miniaeframe.rst.txt
2.5
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misc.rst.txt
248
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mm.rst.txt
447
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mmap.rst.txt
10.24
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modulefinder.rst.txt
3.3
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modules.rst.txt
382
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msilib.rst.txt
18.62
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msvcrt.rst.txt
4.24
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multifile.rst.txt
6.46
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multiprocessing.rst.txt
90.45
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mutex.rst.txt
1.89
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netdata.rst.txt
432
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netrc.rst.txt
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new.rst.txt
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nis.rst.txt
2.06
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nntplib.rst.txt
14.19
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numbers.rst.txt
7.82
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numeric.rst.txt
751
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operator.rst.txt
21.57
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optparse.rst.txt
75.29
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os.path.rst.txt
12.79
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os.rst.txt
80.64
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ossaudiodev.rst.txt
16.9
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othergui.rst.txt
2.66
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parser.rst.txt
15.02
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pdb.rst.txt
15.67
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persistence.rst.txt
826
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pickle.rst.txt
36.39
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pickletools.rst.txt
1.95
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pipes.rst.txt
3.7
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pkgutil.rst.txt
7.53
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platform.rst.txt
9.33
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plistlib.rst.txt
4.04
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popen2.rst.txt
6.86
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poplib.rst.txt
6.07
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posix.rst.txt
3.54
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posixfile.rst.txt
7.03
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pprint.rst.txt
8.86
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profile.rst.txt
27.99
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pty.rst.txt
1.72
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pwd.rst.txt
2.66
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py_compile.rst.txt
2.42
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pyclbr.rst.txt
3.22
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pydoc.rst.txt
3.99
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pyexpat.rst.txt
28.21
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python.rst.txt
514
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queue.rst.txt
6.87
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quopri.rst.txt
2.61
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random.rst.txt
13.01
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re.rst.txt
53.81
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readline.rst.txt
10.27
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repr.rst.txt
4.61
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resource.rst.txt
9.37
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restricted.rst.txt
3.25
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rexec.rst.txt
11.47
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rfc822.rst.txt
13.71
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rlcompleter.rst.txt
2.44
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robotparser.rst.txt
2.14
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runpy.rst.txt
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sched.rst.txt
4.54
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scrolledtext.rst.txt
1.35
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select.rst.txt
20.26
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sets.rst.txt
14.62
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sgi.rst.txt
322
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sgmllib.rst.txt
10.41
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sha.rst.txt
2.74
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shelve.rst.txt
8.12
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shlex.rst.txt
11.05
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shutil.rst.txt
13.17
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signal.rst.txt
10.47
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simplehttpserver.rst.txt
4.45
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simplexmlrpcserver.rst.txt
10.63
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site.rst.txt
7.7
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smtpd.rst.txt
2.41
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smtplib.rst.txt
14.56
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sndhdr.rst.txt
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socket.rst.txt
39.81
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socketserver.rst.txt
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someos.rst.txt
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spwd.rst.txt
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sqlite3.rst.txt
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ssl.rst.txt
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stat.rst.txt
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statvfs.rst.txt
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stdtypes.rst.txt
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string.rst.txt
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stringio.rst.txt
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stringprep.rst.txt
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strings.rst.txt
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struct.rst.txt
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subprocess.rst.txt
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sun.rst.txt
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sunau.rst.txt
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sunaudio.rst.txt
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symbol.rst.txt
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symtable.rst.txt
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sys.rst.txt
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sysconfig.rst.txt
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syslog.rst.txt
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tabnanny.rst.txt
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tarfile.rst.txt
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telnetlib.rst.txt
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tempfile.rst.txt
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termios.rst.txt
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test.rst.txt
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textwrap.rst.txt
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thread.rst.txt
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threading.rst.txt
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time.rst.txt
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timeit.rst.txt
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tix.rst.txt
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tk.rst.txt
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tkinter.rst.txt
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token.rst.txt
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tokenize.rst.txt
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trace.rst.txt
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traceback.rst.txt
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ttk.rst.txt
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tty.rst.txt
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turtle.rst.txt
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types.rst.txt
6.05
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undoc.rst.txt
6.4
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unicodedata.rst.txt
5.59
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unittest.rst.txt
81.01
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unix.rst.txt
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urllib.rst.txt
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urllib2.rst.txt
34.39
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urlparse.rst.txt
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user.rst.txt
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userdict.rst.txt
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uu.rst.txt
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uuid.rst.txt
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warnings.rst.txt
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wave.rst.txt
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weakref.rst.txt
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webbrowser.rst.txt
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whichdb.rst.txt
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windows.rst.txt
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winsound.rst.txt
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wsgiref.rst.txt
29.85
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xdrlib.rst.txt
7.89
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xml.dom.minidom.rst.txt
10.95
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xml.dom.pulldom.rst.txt
1.53
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xml.dom.rst.txt
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xml.etree.elementtree.rst.txt
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Code Editor : msvcrt.rst.txt
:mod:`msvcrt` --- Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime ========================================================== .. module:: msvcrt :platform: Windows :synopsis: Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime. .. sectionauthor:: Fred L. Drake, Jr. <fdrake@acm.org> These functions provide access to some useful capabilities on Windows platforms. Some higher-level modules use these functions to build the Windows implementations of their services. For example, the :mod:`getpass` module uses this in the implementation of the :func:`getpass` function. Further documentation on these functions can be found in the Platform API documentation. The module implements both the normal and wide char variants of the console I/O api. The normal API deals only with ASCII characters and is of limited use for internationalized applications. The wide char API should be used where ever possible. .. _msvcrt-files: File Operations --------------- .. function:: locking(fd, mode, nbytes) Lock part of a file based on file descriptor *fd* from the C runtime. Raises :exc:`IOError` on failure. The locked region of the file extends from the current file position for *nbytes* bytes, and may continue beyond the end of the file. *mode* must be one of the :const:`LK_\*` constants listed below. Multiple regions in a file may be locked at the same time, but may not overlap. Adjacent regions are not merged; they must be unlocked individually. .. data:: LK_LOCK LK_RLCK Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked, the program immediately tries again after 1 second. If, after 10 attempts, the bytes cannot be locked, :exc:`IOError` is raised. .. data:: LK_NBLCK LK_NBRLCK Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked, :exc:`IOError` is raised. .. data:: LK_UNLCK Unlocks the specified bytes, which must have been previously locked. .. function:: setmode(fd, flags) Set the line-end translation mode for the file descriptor *fd*. To set it to text mode, *flags* should be :const:`os.O_TEXT`; for binary, it should be :const:`os.O_BINARY`. .. function:: open_osfhandle(handle, flags) Create a C runtime file descriptor from the file handle *handle*. The *flags* parameter should be a bitwise OR of :const:`os.O_APPEND`, :const:`os.O_RDONLY`, and :const:`os.O_TEXT`. The returned file descriptor may be used as a parameter to :func:`os.fdopen` to create a file object. .. function:: get_osfhandle(fd) Return the file handle for the file descriptor *fd*. Raises :exc:`IOError` if *fd* is not recognized. .. _msvcrt-console: Console I/O ----------- .. function:: kbhit() Return true if a keypress is waiting to be read. .. function:: getch() Read a keypress and return the resulting character. Nothing is echoed to the console. This call will block if a keypress is not already available, but will not wait for :kbd:`Enter` to be pressed. If the pressed key was a special function key, this will return ``'\000'`` or ``'\xe0'``; the next call will return the keycode. The :kbd:`Control-C` keypress cannot be read with this function. .. function:: getwch() Wide char variant of :func:`getch`, returning a Unicode value. .. versionadded:: 2.6 .. function:: getche() Similar to :func:`getch`, but the keypress will be echoed if it represents a printable character. .. function:: getwche() Wide char variant of :func:`getche`, returning a Unicode value. .. versionadded:: 2.6 .. function:: putch(char) Print the character *char* to the console without buffering. .. function:: putwch(unicode_char) Wide char variant of :func:`putch`, accepting a Unicode value. .. versionadded:: 2.6 .. function:: ungetch(char) Cause the character *char* to be "pushed back" into the console buffer; it will be the next character read by :func:`getch` or :func:`getche`. .. function:: ungetwch(unicode_char) Wide char variant of :func:`ungetch`, accepting a Unicode value. .. versionadded:: 2.6 .. _msvcrt-other: Other Functions --------------- .. function:: heapmin() Force the :c:func:`malloc` heap to clean itself up and return unused blocks to the operating system. On failure, this raises :exc:`IOError`.
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