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2to3.rst.txt
14.3
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__builtin__.rst.txt
1.46
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__future__.rst.txt
4.84
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__main__.rst.txt
535
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_winreg.rst.txt
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abc.rst.txt
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aepack.rst.txt
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aetools.rst.txt
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aetypes.rst.txt
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aifc.rst.txt
6.92
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al.rst.txt
5.18
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allos.rst.txt
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anydbm.rst.txt
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archiving.rst.txt
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argparse.rst.txt
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array.rst.txt
10.28
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ast.rst.txt
10.23
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asynchat.rst.txt
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asyncore.rst.txt
12.63
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atexit.rst.txt
3.82
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audioop.rst.txt
10.15
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autogil.rst.txt
1015
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base64.rst.txt
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basehttpserver.rst.txt
10.16
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bastion.rst.txt
2.55
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bdb.rst.txt
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binascii.rst.txt
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binhex.rst.txt
1.87
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bisect.rst.txt
5.29
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bsddb.rst.txt
7.4
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bz2.rst.txt
7.88
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calendar.rst.txt
11.02
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carbon.rst.txt
15.58
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cd.rst.txt
11.69
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cgi.rst.txt
22.32
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cgihttpserver.rst.txt
2.72
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cgitb.rst.txt
2.81
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chunk.rst.txt
4.84
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cmath.rst.txt
7.47
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cmd.rst.txt
8.36
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code.rst.txt
6.95
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codecs.rst.txt
65.4
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codeop.rst.txt
3.69
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collections.rst.txt
40.48
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colorpicker.rst.txt
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colorsys.rst.txt
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commands.rst.txt
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compileall.rst.txt
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compiler.rst.txt
36.59
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configparser.rst.txt
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constants.rst.txt
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contextlib.rst.txt
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cookie.rst.txt
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cookielib.rst.txt
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copy.rst.txt
3.27
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copy_reg.rst.txt
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crypt.rst.txt
2.24
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crypto.rst.txt
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csv.rst.txt
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ctypes.rst.txt
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curses.ascii.rst.txt
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curses.panel.rst.txt
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curses.rst.txt
73.12
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custominterp.rst.txt
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datatypes.rst.txt
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datetime.rst.txt
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dbhash.rst.txt
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dbm.rst.txt
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debug.rst.txt
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decimal.rst.txt
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development.rst.txt
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difflib.rst.txt
30
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dircache.rst.txt
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dis.rst.txt
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distribution.rst.txt
426
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distutils.rst.txt
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dl.rst.txt
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doctest.rst.txt
72.25
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docxmlrpcserver.rst.txt
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dumbdbm.rst.txt
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dummy_thread.rst.txt
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dummy_threading.rst.txt
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easydialogs.rst.txt
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email-examples.rst.txt
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email.charset.rst.txt
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email.encoders.rst.txt
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email.errors.rst.txt
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email.generator.rst.txt
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email.header.rst.txt
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email.iterators.rst.txt
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email.message.rst.txt
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email.mime.rst.txt
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email.parser.rst.txt
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email.rst.txt
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email.utils.rst.txt
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ensurepip.rst.txt
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errno.rst.txt
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exceptions.rst.txt
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fcntl.rst.txt
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filecmp.rst.txt
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fileformats.rst.txt
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fileinput.rst.txt
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filesys.rst.txt
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fl.rst.txt
17.23
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fm.rst.txt
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fnmatch.rst.txt
3.03
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formatter.rst.txt
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fpectl.rst.txt
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fpformat.rst.txt
1.71
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fractions.rst.txt
5.17
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framework.rst.txt
11.18
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frameworks.rst.txt
378
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ftplib.rst.txt
15.35
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functions.rst.txt
73.75
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functools.rst.txt
7.27
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future_builtins.rst.txt
1.96
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gc.rst.txt
8.8
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gdbm.rst.txt
4.77
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gensuitemodule.rst.txt
3.04
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getopt.rst.txt
6.51
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getpass.rst.txt
1.83
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gettext.rst.txt
28.36
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gl.rst.txt
5.87
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glob.rst.txt
2.36
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grp.rst.txt
2.2
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gzip.rst.txt
4.71
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hashlib.rst.txt
7.21
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heapq.rst.txt
12.88
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hmac.rst.txt
3
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hotshot.rst.txt
4.19
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htmllib.rst.txt
7.21
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htmlparser.rst.txt
11.37
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httplib.rst.txt
36.58
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i18n.rst.txt
409
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ic.rst.txt
4.89
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idle.rst.txt
21.66
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imageop.rst.txt
3.91
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imaplib.rst.txt
16.82
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imgfile.rst.txt
2.7
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imghdr.rst.txt
2.57
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imp.rst.txt
12.3
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importlib.rst.txt
1.1
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imputil.rst.txt
6.86
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index.rst.txt
2.23
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inspect.rst.txt
27.49
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internet.rst.txt
950
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intro.rst.txt
2.74
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io.rst.txt
38.11
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ipc.rst.txt
630
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itertools.rst.txt
35.67
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jpeg.rst.txt
3.77
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json.rst.txt
24.95
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keyword.rst.txt
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language.rst.txt
523
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linecache.rst.txt
1.84
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locale.rst.txt
24.39
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logging.config.rst.txt
30.82
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logging.handlers.rst.txt
27.49
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logging.rst.txt
45.78
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mac.rst.txt
791
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macos.rst.txt
3.73
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macosa.rst.txt
3.87
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macostools.rst.txt
3.92
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macpath.rst.txt
650
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mailbox.rst.txt
66.53
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mailcap.rst.txt
3.59
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markup.rst.txt
1.22
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marshal.rst.txt
5.56
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math.rst.txt
10.66
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md5.rst.txt
2.75
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mhlib.rst.txt
3.87
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mimetools.rst.txt
4.4
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mimetypes.rst.txt
9.61
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mimewriter.rst.txt
3.28
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mimify.rst.txt
3.44
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miniaeframe.rst.txt
2.5
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misc.rst.txt
248
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mm.rst.txt
447
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mmap.rst.txt
10.24
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modulefinder.rst.txt
3.3
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modules.rst.txt
382
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msilib.rst.txt
18.62
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msvcrt.rst.txt
4.24
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multifile.rst.txt
6.46
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multiprocessing.rst.txt
90.45
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mutex.rst.txt
1.89
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netdata.rst.txt
432
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netrc.rst.txt
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new.rst.txt
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nis.rst.txt
2.06
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nntplib.rst.txt
14.19
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numbers.rst.txt
7.82
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numeric.rst.txt
751
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operator.rst.txt
21.57
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optparse.rst.txt
75.29
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os.path.rst.txt
12.79
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os.rst.txt
80.64
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ossaudiodev.rst.txt
16.9
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othergui.rst.txt
2.66
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parser.rst.txt
15.02
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pdb.rst.txt
15.67
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persistence.rst.txt
826
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pickle.rst.txt
36.39
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pickletools.rst.txt
1.95
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pipes.rst.txt
3.7
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pkgutil.rst.txt
7.53
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platform.rst.txt
9.33
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plistlib.rst.txt
4.04
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popen2.rst.txt
6.86
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poplib.rst.txt
6.07
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posix.rst.txt
3.54
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posixfile.rst.txt
7.03
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pprint.rst.txt
8.86
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profile.rst.txt
27.99
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pty.rst.txt
1.72
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pwd.rst.txt
2.66
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py_compile.rst.txt
2.42
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pyclbr.rst.txt
3.22
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pydoc.rst.txt
3.99
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pyexpat.rst.txt
28.21
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python.rst.txt
514
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queue.rst.txt
6.87
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quopri.rst.txt
2.61
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random.rst.txt
13.01
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re.rst.txt
53.81
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readline.rst.txt
10.27
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repr.rst.txt
4.61
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resource.rst.txt
9.37
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restricted.rst.txt
3.25
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rexec.rst.txt
11.47
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rfc822.rst.txt
13.71
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rlcompleter.rst.txt
2.44
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robotparser.rst.txt
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runpy.rst.txt
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sched.rst.txt
4.54
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scrolledtext.rst.txt
1.35
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select.rst.txt
20.26
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sets.rst.txt
14.62
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sgi.rst.txt
322
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sgmllib.rst.txt
10.41
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sha.rst.txt
2.74
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shelve.rst.txt
8.12
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shlex.rst.txt
11.05
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shutil.rst.txt
13.17
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signal.rst.txt
10.47
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simplehttpserver.rst.txt
4.45
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simplexmlrpcserver.rst.txt
10.63
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site.rst.txt
7.7
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smtpd.rst.txt
2.41
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smtplib.rst.txt
14.56
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sndhdr.rst.txt
1.72
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socket.rst.txt
39.81
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socketserver.rst.txt
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someos.rst.txt
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spwd.rst.txt
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sqlite3.rst.txt
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ssl.rst.txt
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stat.rst.txt
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statvfs.rst.txt
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stdtypes.rst.txt
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string.rst.txt
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stringio.rst.txt
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stringprep.rst.txt
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strings.rst.txt
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struct.rst.txt
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subprocess.rst.txt
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sun.rst.txt
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sunau.rst.txt
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sunaudio.rst.txt
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symbol.rst.txt
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symtable.rst.txt
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sys.rst.txt
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sysconfig.rst.txt
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syslog.rst.txt
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tabnanny.rst.txt
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tarfile.rst.txt
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telnetlib.rst.txt
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tempfile.rst.txt
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termios.rst.txt
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test.rst.txt
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textwrap.rst.txt
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thread.rst.txt
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threading.rst.txt
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time.rst.txt
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timeit.rst.txt
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tix.rst.txt
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tk.rst.txt
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tkinter.rst.txt
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token.rst.txt
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tokenize.rst.txt
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trace.rst.txt
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traceback.rst.txt
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ttk.rst.txt
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tty.rst.txt
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turtle.rst.txt
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types.rst.txt
6.05
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undoc.rst.txt
6.4
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unicodedata.rst.txt
5.59
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unittest.rst.txt
81.01
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unix.rst.txt
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urllib.rst.txt
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urllib2.rst.txt
34.39
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urlparse.rst.txt
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user.rst.txt
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userdict.rst.txt
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uu.rst.txt
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uuid.rst.txt
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warnings.rst.txt
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wave.rst.txt
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weakref.rst.txt
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webbrowser.rst.txt
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whichdb.rst.txt
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windows.rst.txt
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winsound.rst.txt
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wsgiref.rst.txt
29.85
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xdrlib.rst.txt
7.89
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xml.dom.minidom.rst.txt
10.95
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xml.dom.pulldom.rst.txt
1.53
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xml.dom.rst.txt
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xml.etree.elementtree.rst.txt
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Code Editor : popen2.rst.txt
:mod:`popen2` --- Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams ========================================================== .. module:: popen2 :synopsis: Subprocesses with accessible standard I/O streams. :deprecated: .. sectionauthor:: Drew Csillag <drew_csillag@geocities.com> .. deprecated:: 2.6 This module is obsolete. Use the :mod:`subprocess` module. Check especially the :ref:`subprocess-replacements` section. This module allows you to spawn processes and connect to their input/output/error pipes and obtain their return codes under Unix and Windows. The :mod:`subprocess` module provides more powerful facilities for spawning new processes and retrieving their results. Using the :mod:`subprocess` module is preferable to using the :mod:`popen2` module. The primary interface offered by this module is a trio of factory functions. For each of these, if *bufsize* is specified, it specifies the buffer size for the I/O pipes. *mode*, if provided, should be the string ``'b'`` or ``'t'``; on Windows this is needed to determine whether the file objects should be opened in binary or text mode. The default value for *mode* is ``'t'``. On Unix, *cmd* may be a sequence, in which case arguments will be passed directly to the program without shell intervention (as with :func:`os.spawnv`). If *cmd* is a string it will be passed to the shell (as with :func:`os.system`). The only way to retrieve the return codes for the child processes is by using the :meth:`poll` or :meth:`wait` methods on the :class:`Popen3` and :class:`Popen4` classes; these are only available on Unix. This information is not available when using the :func:`popen2`, :func:`popen3`, and :func:`popen4` functions, or the equivalent functions in the :mod:`os` module. (Note that the tuples returned by the :mod:`os` module's functions are in a different order from the ones returned by the :mod:`popen2` module.) .. function:: popen2(cmd[, bufsize[, mode]]) Executes *cmd* as a sub-process. Returns the file objects ``(child_stdout, child_stdin)``. .. function:: popen3(cmd[, bufsize[, mode]]) Executes *cmd* as a sub-process. Returns the file objects ``(child_stdout, child_stdin, child_stderr)``. .. function:: popen4(cmd[, bufsize[, mode]]) Executes *cmd* as a sub-process. Returns the file objects ``(child_stdout_and_stderr, child_stdin)``. .. versionadded:: 2.0 On Unix, a class defining the objects returned by the factory functions is also available. These are not used for the Windows implementation, and are not available on that platform. .. class:: Popen3(cmd[, capturestderr[, bufsize]]) This class represents a child process. Normally, :class:`Popen3` instances are created using the :func:`popen2` and :func:`popen3` factory functions described above. If not using one of the helper functions to create :class:`Popen3` objects, the parameter *cmd* is the shell command to execute in a sub-process. The *capturestderr* flag, if true, specifies that the object should capture standard error output of the child process. The default is false. If the *bufsize* parameter is specified, it specifies the size of the I/O buffers to/from the child process. .. class:: Popen4(cmd[, bufsize]) Similar to :class:`Popen3`, but always captures standard error into the same file object as standard output. These are typically created using :func:`popen4`. .. versionadded:: 2.0 .. _popen3-objects: Popen3 and Popen4 Objects ------------------------- Instances of the :class:`Popen3` and :class:`Popen4` classes have the following methods: .. method:: Popen3.poll() Returns ``-1`` if child process hasn't completed yet, or its status code (see :meth:`wait`) otherwise. .. method:: Popen3.wait() Waits for and returns the status code of the child process. The status code encodes both the return code of the process and information about whether it exited using the :c:func:`exit` system call or died due to a signal. Functions to help interpret the status code are defined in the :mod:`os` module; see section :ref:`os-process` for the :func:`W\*` family of functions. The following attributes are also available: .. attribute:: Popen3.fromchild A file object that provides output from the child process. For :class:`Popen4` instances, this will provide both the standard output and standard error streams. .. attribute:: Popen3.tochild A file object that provides input to the child process. .. attribute:: Popen3.childerr A file object that provides error output from the child process, if *capturestderr* was true for the constructor, otherwise ``None``. This will always be ``None`` for :class:`Popen4` instances. .. attribute:: Popen3.pid The process ID of the child process. .. _popen2-flow-control: Flow Control Issues ------------------- Any time you are working with any form of inter-process communication, control flow needs to be carefully thought out. This remains the case with the file objects provided by this module (or the :mod:`os` module equivalents). When reading output from a child process that writes a lot of data to standard error while the parent is reading from the child's standard output, a deadlock can occur. A similar situation can occur with other combinations of reads and writes. The essential factors are that more than :const:`_PC_PIPE_BUF` bytes are being written by one process in a blocking fashion, while the other process is reading from the first process, also in a blocking fashion. .. Example explanation and suggested work-arounds substantially stolen from Martin von Löwis: https://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2000-September/009460.html There are several ways to deal with this situation. The simplest application change, in many cases, will be to follow this model in the parent process:: import popen2 r, w, e = popen2.popen3('python slave.py') e.readlines() r.readlines() r.close() e.close() w.close() with code like this in the child:: import os import sys # note that each of these print statements # writes a single long string print >>sys.stderr, 400 * 'this is a test\n' os.close(sys.stderr.fileno()) print >>sys.stdout, 400 * 'this is another test\n' In particular, note that ``sys.stderr`` must be closed after writing all data, or :meth:`readlines` won't return. Also note that :func:`os.close` must be used, as ``sys.stderr.close()`` won't close ``stderr`` (otherwise assigning to ``sys.stderr`` will silently close it, so no further errors can be printed). Applications which need to support a more general approach should integrate I/O over pipes with their :func:`select` loops, or use separate threads to read each of the individual files provided by whichever :func:`popen\*` function or :class:`Popen\*` class was used. .. seealso:: Module :mod:`subprocess` Module for spawning and managing subprocesses.
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