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2to3.html
63.71
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__builtin__.html
11.79
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__future__.html
15.58
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__main__.html
8.33
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_winreg.html
73.99
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abc.html
26.82
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aepack.html
15.47
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aetools.html
18.79
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aetypes.html
27.08
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aifc.html
29.59
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al.html
22.13
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allos.html
35.48
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anydbm.html
19.31
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archiving.html
10.64
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argparse.html
269.59
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array.html
35.35
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ast.html
42.42
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asynchat.html
35.84
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asyncore.html
43.22
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atexit.html
19.23
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audioop.html
41.32
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autogil.html
9.77
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base64.html
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basehttpserver.html
40.6
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bastion.html
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bdb.html
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binascii.html
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binhex.html
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bisect.html
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bsddb.html
32.02
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bz2.html
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calendar.html
50.16
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carbon.html
54.14
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cd.html
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cgi.html
58.4
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cgihttpserver.html
15.12
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cgitb.html
13.5
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chunk.html
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cmath.html
32.41
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cmd.html
32.69
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code.html
28.92
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codecs.html
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codeop.html
16.42
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collections.html
150.36
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colorpicker.html
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colorsys.html
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commands.html
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compileall.html
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compiler.html
78.14
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configparser.html
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constants.html
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contextlib.html
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cookie.html
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cookielib.html
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copy.html
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copy_reg.html
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crypt.html
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crypto.html
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csv.html
82.79
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ctypes.html
280.57
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curses.ascii.html
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curses.html
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curses.panel.html
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custominterp.html
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datatypes.html
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datetime.html
261.02
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dbhash.html
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dbm.html
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debug.html
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decimal.html
239.14
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development.html
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difflib.html
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dircache.html
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dis.html
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distribution.html
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distutils.html
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dl.html
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doctest.html
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docxmlrpcserver.html
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dumbdbm.html
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dummy_thread.html
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dummy_threading.html
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easydialogs.html
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email-examples.html
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email.charset.html
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email.encoders.html
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email.errors.html
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email.generator.html
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email.header.html
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email.html
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email.iterators.html
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email.message.html
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email.mime.html
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email.parser.html
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email.utils.html
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ensurepip.html
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errno.html
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exceptions.html
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fcntl.html
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filecmp.html
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fileformats.html
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fileinput.html
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filesys.html
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fl.html
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fm.html
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fnmatch.html
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formatter.html
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fpectl.html
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fpformat.html
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fractions.html
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framework.html
44.24
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frameworks.html
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ftplib.html
56.56
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functions.html
216.84
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functools.html
31.06
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future_builtins.html
15.9
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gc.html
30.74
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gdbm.html
19.35
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gensuitemodule.html
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getopt.html
26.56
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getpass.html
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gettext.html
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gl.html
26.71
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glob.html
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grp.html
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gzip.html
21.95
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hashlib.html
27.4
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heapq.html
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hmac.html
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hotshot.html
22.69
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htmllib.html
29.9
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htmlparser.html
45.11
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httplib.html
78.55
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i18n.html
10.61
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ic.html
22.03
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idle.html
45.74
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imageop.html
20.94
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imaplib.html
69.9
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imgfile.html
14.91
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imghdr.html
13.43
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imp.html
41.48
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importlib.html
10.27
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imputil.html
36.11
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index.html
82.54
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inspect.html
64.31
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internet.html
26.77
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intro.html
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io.html
122.3
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ipc.html
17.18
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itertools.html
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jpeg.html
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json.html
79.09
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keyword.html
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language.html
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linecache.html
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locale.html
68.54
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logging.config.html
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logging.handlers.html
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logging.html
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mac.html
24.49
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macos.html
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macosa.html
14.55
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macostools.html
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macpath.html
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mailbox.html
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mailcap.html
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markup.html
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marshal.html
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math.html
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md5.html
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mhlib.html
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mimetools.html
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mimetypes.html
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mimewriter.html
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mimify.html
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miniaeframe.html
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misc.html
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mm.html
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mmap.html
33.52
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modulefinder.html
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modules.html
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msilib.html
72.78
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msvcrt.html
24.1
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multifile.html
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multiprocessing.html
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mutex.html
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netdata.html
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netrc.html
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new.html
16.1
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nis.html
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nntplib.html
51.08
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numbers.html
40.91
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numeric.html
14.85
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operator.html
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optparse.html
251.08
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os.html
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os.path.html
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ossaudiodev.html
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othergui.html
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parser.html
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pdb.html
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persistence.html
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pickle.html
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pickletools.html
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pipes.html
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pkgutil.html
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platform.html
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plistlib.html
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popen2.html
30.13
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poplib.html
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posix.html
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posixfile.html
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pprint.html
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profile.html
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pty.html
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pwd.html
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py_compile.html
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pyclbr.html
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pydoc.html
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pyexpat.html
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python.html
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queue.html
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quopri.html
14.5
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random.html
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re.html
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readline.html
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repr.html
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resource.html
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restricted.html
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rexec.html
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rfc822.html
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rlcompleter.html
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robotparser.html
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runpy.html
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sched.html
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scrolledtext.html
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select.html
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sets.html
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sgi.html
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sgmllib.html
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sha.html
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shelve.html
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shlex.html
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shutil.html
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signal.html
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simplehttpserver.html
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simplexmlrpcserver.html
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site.html
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smtpd.html
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smtplib.html
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sndhdr.html
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socket.html
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socketserver.html
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someos.html
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spwd.html
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sqlite3.html
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ssl.html
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stat.html
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statvfs.html
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stdtypes.html
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string.html
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stringio.html
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stringprep.html
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strings.html
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struct.html
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subprocess.html
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sun.html
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sunau.html
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sunaudio.html
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symbol.html
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symtable.html
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sys.html
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sysconfig.html
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syslog.html
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tabnanny.html
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tarfile.html
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telnetlib.html
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tempfile.html
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termios.html
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test.html
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textwrap.html
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thread.html
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threading.html
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time.html
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timeit.html
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tix.html
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tk.html
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tkinter.html
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token.html
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tokenize.html
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trace.html
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traceback.html
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ttk.html
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tty.html
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turtle.html
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types.html
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undoc.html
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unicodedata.html
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unittest.html
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unix.html
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urllib.html
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urllib2.html
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urlparse.html
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user.html
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userdict.html
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uu.html
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uuid.html
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warnings.html
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wave.html
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weakref.html
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webbrowser.html
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whichdb.html
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windows.html
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wsgiref.html
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xdrlib.html
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xml.dom.html
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xml.dom.minidom.html
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xml.dom.pulldom.html
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xml.etree.elementtree.html
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xml.html
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xml.sax.handler.html
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xml.sax.html
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xml.sax.reader.html
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xml.sax.utils.html
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xmlrpclib.html
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zipfile.html
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zipimport.html
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zlib.html
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>8.6. array — Efficient arrays of numeric values — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="8.7. sets — Unordered collections of unique elements" href="sets.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="8.5. bisect — Array bisection algorithm" href="bisect.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/array.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/array.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="sets.html" title="8.7. sets — Unordered collections of unique elements" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="bisect.html" title="8.5. bisect — Array bisection algorithm" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="datatypes.html" accesskey="U"><span class="section-number">8. </span>Data Types</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">8.6. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code> — Efficient arrays of numeric values</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-array"> <span id="array-efficient-arrays-of-numeric-values"></span><h1><span class="section-number">8.6. </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-array" title="array: Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code></a> — Efficient arrays of numeric values<a class="headerlink" href="#module-array" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p id="index-0">This module defines an object type which can compactly represent an array of basic values: characters, integers, floating point numbers. Arrays are sequence types and behave very much like lists, except that the type of objects stored in them is constrained. The type is specified at object creation time by using a <em class="dfn">type code</em>, which is a single character. The following type codes are defined:</p> <table class="docutils align-default"> <colgroup> <col style="width: 16%" /> <col style="width: 23%" /> <col style="width: 28%" /> <col style="width: 33%" /> </colgroup> <thead> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Type code</p></th> <th class="head"><p>C Type</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Python Type</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Minimum size in bytes</p></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'c'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>char</p></td> <td><p>character</p></td> <td><p>1</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'b'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>signed char</p></td> <td><p>int</p></td> <td><p>1</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'B'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>unsigned char</p></td> <td><p>int</p></td> <td><p>1</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'u'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>Py_UNICODE</p></td> <td><p>Unicode character</p></td> <td><p>2 (see note)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'h'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>signed short</p></td> <td><p>int</p></td> <td><p>2</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'H'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>unsigned short</p></td> <td><p>int</p></td> <td><p>2</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'i'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>signed int</p></td> <td><p>int</p></td> <td><p>2</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'I'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>unsigned int</p></td> <td><p>long</p></td> <td><p>2</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'l'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>signed long</p></td> <td><p>int</p></td> <td><p>4</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'L'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>unsigned long</p></td> <td><p>long</p></td> <td><p>4</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'f'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>float</p></td> <td><p>float</p></td> <td><p>4</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'d'</span></code></p></td> <td><p>double</p></td> <td><p>float</p></td> <td><p>8</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'u'</span></code> typecode corresponds to Python’s unicode character. On narrow Unicode builds this is 2-bytes, on wide builds this is 4-bytes.</p> </div> <p>The actual representation of values is determined by the machine architecture (strictly speaking, by the C implementation). The actual size can be accessed through the <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">itemsize</span></code> attribute. The values stored for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'L'</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'I'</span></code> items will be represented as Python long integers when retrieved, because Python’s plain integer type cannot represent the full range of C’s unsigned (long) integers.</p> <p>The module defines the following type:</p> <dl class="py class"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array"> <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">array</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">typecode</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">initializer</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A new array whose items are restricted by <em>typecode</em>, and initialized from the optional <em>initializer</em> value, which must be a list, string, or iterable over elements of the appropriate type.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.4: </span>Formerly, only lists or strings were accepted.</p> </div> <p>If given a list or string, the initializer is passed to the new array’s <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.fromlist" title="array.array.fromlist"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromlist()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.fromstring" title="array.array.fromstring"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromstring()</span></code></a>, or <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.fromunicode" title="array.array.fromunicode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromunicode()</span></code></a> method (see below) to add initial items to the array. Otherwise, the iterable initializer is passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.extend" title="array.array.extend"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">extend()</span></code></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.ArrayType"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ArrayType</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.ArrayType" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Obsolete alias for <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array" title="array.array"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Array objects support the ordinary sequence operations of indexing, slicing, concatenation, and multiplication. When using slice assignment, the assigned value must be an array object with the same type code; in all other cases, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code> is raised. Array objects also implement the buffer interface, and may be used wherever buffer objects are supported.</p> <p>The following data items and methods are also supported:</p> <dl class="py attribute"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.typecode"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">typecode</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.typecode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The typecode character used to create the array.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py attribute"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.itemsize"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">itemsize</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.itemsize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The length in bytes of one array item in the internal representation.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.append"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">append</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">x</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.append" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Append a new item with value <em>x</em> to the end of the array.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.buffer_info"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">buffer_info</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.buffer_info" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(address,</span> <span class="pre">length)</span></code> giving the current memory address and the length in elements of the buffer used to hold array’s contents. The size of the memory buffer in bytes can be computed as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array.buffer_info()[1]</span> <span class="pre">*</span> <span class="pre">array.itemsize</span></code>. This is occasionally useful when working with low-level (and inherently unsafe) I/O interfaces that require memory addresses, such as certain <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ioctl()</span></code> operations. The returned numbers are valid as long as the array exists and no length-changing operations are applied to it.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>When using array objects from code written in C or C++ (the only way to effectively make use of this information), it makes more sense to use the buffer interface supported by array objects. This method is maintained for backward compatibility and should be avoided in new code. The buffer interface is documented in <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/buffer.html#bufferobjects"><span class="std std-ref">Buffers and Memoryview Objects</span></a>.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.byteswap"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">byteswap</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.byteswap" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>“Byteswap” all items of the array. This is only supported for values which are 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes in size; for other types of values, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code> is raised. It is useful when reading data from a file written on a machine with a different byte order.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.count"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">count</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">x</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.count" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the number of occurrences of <em>x</em> in the array.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.extend"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">extend</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">iterable</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.extend" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Append items from <em>iterable</em> to the end of the array. If <em>iterable</em> is another array, it must have <em>exactly</em> the same type code; if not, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code> will be raised. If <em>iterable</em> is not an array, it must be iterable and its elements must be the right type to be appended to the array.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.4: </span>Formerly, the argument could only be another array.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.fromfile"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromfile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">f</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.fromfile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Read <em>n</em> items (as machine values) from the file object <em>f</em> and append them to the end of the array. If less than <em>n</em> items are available, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code> is raised, but the items that were available are still inserted into the array. <em>f</em> must be a real built-in file object; something else with a <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.read" title="array.array.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code></a> method won’t do.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.fromlist"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromlist</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">list</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.fromlist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Append items from the list. This is equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">for</span> <span class="pre">x</span> <span class="pre">in</span> <span class="pre">list:</span> <span class="pre">a.append(x)</span></code> except that if there is a type error, the array is unchanged.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.fromstring"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromstring</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.fromstring" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Appends items from the string, interpreting the string as an array of machine values (as if it had been read from a file using the <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.fromfile" title="array.array.fromfile"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromfile()</span></code></a> method).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.fromunicode"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fromunicode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">s</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.fromunicode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Extends this array with data from the given unicode string. The array must be a type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'u'</span></code> array; otherwise a <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code> is raised. Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array.fromstring(unicodestring.encode(enc))</span></code> to append Unicode data to an array of some other type.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.index"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">index</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">x</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.index" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the smallest <em>i</em> such that <em>i</em> is the index of the first occurrence of <em>x</em> in the array.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.insert"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">insert</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">i</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">x</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.insert" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Insert a new item with value <em>x</em> in the array before position <em>i</em>. Negative values are treated as being relative to the end of the array.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.pop"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">pop</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">i</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.pop" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Removes the item with the index <em>i</em> from the array and returns it. The optional argument defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>, so that by default the last item is removed and returned.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.read"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">read</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">f</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">n</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.read" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 1.5.1: </span>Use the <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.fromfile" title="array.array.fromfile"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fromfile()</span></code></a> method.</p> </div> <p>Read <em>n</em> items (as machine values) from the file object <em>f</em> and append them to the end of the array. If less than <em>n</em> items are available, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code> is raised, but the items that were available are still inserted into the array. <em>f</em> must be a real built-in file object; something else with a <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.read" title="array.array.read"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">read()</span></code></a> method won’t do.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.remove"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">remove</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">x</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.remove" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Remove the first occurrence of <em>x</em> from the array.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.reverse"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">reverse</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.reverse" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Reverse the order of the items in the array.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.tofile"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tofile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">f</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.tofile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write all items (as machine values) to the file object <em>f</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.tolist"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tolist</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.tolist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert the array to an ordinary list with the same items.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.tostring"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tostring</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.tostring" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert the array to an array of machine values and return the string representation (the same sequence of bytes that would be written to a file by the <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.tofile" title="array.array.tofile"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tofile()</span></code></a> method.)</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.tounicode"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">tounicode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.tounicode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert the array to a unicode string. The array must be a type <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'u'</span></code> array; otherwise a <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code> is raised. Use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array.tostring().decode(enc)</span></code> to obtain a unicode string from an array of some other type.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="array.array.write"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">array.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">f</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#array.array.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><div class="deprecated"> <p><span class="versionmodified deprecated">Deprecated since version 1.5.1: </span>Use the <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array.tofile" title="array.array.tofile"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tofile()</span></code></a> method.</p> </div> <p>Write all items (as machine values) to the file object <em>f</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <p>When an array object is printed or converted to a string, it is represented as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array(typecode,</span> <span class="pre">initializer)</span></code>. The <em>initializer</em> is omitted if the array is empty, otherwise it is a string if the <em>typecode</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'c'</span></code>, otherwise it is a list of numbers. The string is guaranteed to be able to be converted back to an array with the same type and value using <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#eval" title="eval"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">eval()</span></code></a>, so long as the <a class="reference internal" href="#array.array" title="array.array"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code></a> class has been imported using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">from</span> <span class="pre">array</span> <span class="pre">import</span> <span class="pre">array</span></code>. Examples:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'l'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'c'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="s1">'hello world'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'u'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="sa">u</span><span class="s1">'hello </span><span class="se">\u2641</span><span class="s1">'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'l'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">4</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">])</span> <span class="n">array</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'d'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="mf">1.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">2.0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mf">3.14</span><span class="p">])</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="simple"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="struct.html#module-struct" title="struct: Interpret strings as packed binary data."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">struct</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Packing and unpacking of heterogeneous binary data.</p> </dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="xdrlib.html#module-xdrlib" title="xdrlib: Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR)."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">xdrlib</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Packing and unpacking of External Data Representation (XDR) data as used in some remote procedure call systems.</p> </dd> <dt><a class="reference external" href="https://docs.scipy.org/doc/">The Numerical Python Documentation</a></dt><dd><p>The Numeric Python extension (NumPy) defines another array type; see <a class="reference external" href="http://www.numpy.org/">http://www.numpy.org/</a> for further information about Numerical Python.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="bisect.html" title="previous chapter"><span class="section-number">8.5. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bisect</span></code> — Array bisection algorithm</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="sets.html" title="next chapter"><span class="section-number">8.7. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sets</span></code> — Unordered collections of unique elements</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/array.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> </div> <script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="sets.html" title="8.7. sets — Unordered collections of unique elements" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="bisect.html" title="8.5. bisect — Array bisection algorithm" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="datatypes.html" ><span class="section-number">8. </span>Data Types</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">8.6. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">array</span></code> — Efficient arrays of numeric values</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2024, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on December 09, 2024. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2. </div> </body> </html>
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