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2to3.html
63.71
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__builtin__.html
11.79
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__future__.html
15.58
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__main__.html
8.33
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_winreg.html
73.99
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abc.html
26.82
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aepack.html
15.47
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aetools.html
18.79
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aetypes.html
27.08
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aifc.html
29.59
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al.html
22.13
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allos.html
35.48
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anydbm.html
19.31
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archiving.html
10.64
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argparse.html
269.59
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array.html
35.35
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ast.html
42.42
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asynchat.html
35.84
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asyncore.html
43.22
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atexit.html
19.23
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audioop.html
41.32
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autogil.html
9.77
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base64.html
24.8
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basehttpserver.html
40.6
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bastion.html
13.02
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bdb.html
50.06
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binascii.html
26.64
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binhex.html
12.66
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bisect.html
28.52
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bsddb.html
32.02
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bz2.html
31.92
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calendar.html
50.16
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carbon.html
54.14
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cd.html
35.24
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cgi.html
58.4
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cgihttpserver.html
15.12
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cgitb.html
13.5
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chunk.html
17.41
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cmath.html
32.41
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cmd.html
32.69
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code.html
28.92
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codecs.html
125.92
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codeop.html
16.42
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collections.html
150.36
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colorpicker.html
9.02
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colorsys.html
14.38
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commands.html
16.63
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compileall.html
21.18
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compiler.html
78.14
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configparser.html
73.92
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constants.html
14.68
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contextlib.html
22.91
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cookie.html
45.38
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cookielib.html
102.78
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copy.html
14.21
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copy_reg.html
15.82
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crypt.html
11.62
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crypto.html
8.35
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csv.html
82.79
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ctypes.html
280.57
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curses.ascii.html
28.97
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curses.html
200.94
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curses.panel.html
18.43
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custominterp.html
8.59
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datatypes.html
18.84
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datetime.html
261.02
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dbhash.html
18.4
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dbm.html
14.75
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debug.html
11.28
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decimal.html
239.14
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development.html
15.27
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difflib.html
96.93
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dircache.html
13.66
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dis.html
96.52
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distribution.html
8.27
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distutils.html
10.97
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dl.html
19.27
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doctest.html
193.18
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docxmlrpcserver.html
20.02
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dumbdbm.html
16.74
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dummy_thread.html
11.04
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dummy_threading.html
9.96
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easydialogs.html
38.83
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email-examples.html
47.2
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email.charset.html
32.45
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email.encoders.html
14.09
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email.errors.html
19.2
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email.generator.html
24.78
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email.header.html
31.12
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email.html
55.3
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email.iterators.html
14.22
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email.message.html
74.91
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email.mime.html
34.51
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email.parser.html
37.09
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email.utils.html
30.04
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ensurepip.html
20.21
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errno.html
52.31
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exceptions.html
73.4
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fcntl.html
27.85
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filecmp.html
26.49
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fileformats.html
10.21
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fileinput.html
29.36
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filesys.html
11.55
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fl.html
71.58
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fm.html
15
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fnmatch.html
17.78
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formatter.html
43.91
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fpectl.html
17.84
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fpformat.html
12.65
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fractions.html
27.17
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framework.html
44.24
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frameworks.html
8.11
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ftplib.html
56.56
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functions.html
216.84
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functools.html
31.06
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future_builtins.html
15.9
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gc.html
30.74
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gdbm.html
19.35
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gensuitemodule.html
14.54
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getopt.html
26.56
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getpass.html
12.5
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gettext.html
91.32
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gl.html
26.71
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glob.html
15.42
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grp.html
12.33
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gzip.html
21.95
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hashlib.html
27.4
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heapq.html
36.72
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hmac.html
15.97
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hotshot.html
22.69
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htmllib.html
29.9
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htmlparser.html
45.11
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httplib.html
78.55
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i18n.html
10.61
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ic.html
22.03
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idle.html
45.74
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imageop.html
20.94
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imaplib.html
69.9
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imgfile.html
14.91
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imghdr.html
13.43
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imp.html
41.48
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importlib.html
10.27
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imputil.html
36.11
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index.html
82.54
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inspect.html
64.31
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internet.html
26.77
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intro.html
9.76
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io.html
122.3
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ipc.html
17.18
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itertools.html
129.91
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jpeg.html
15.36
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json.html
79.09
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keyword.html
9.27
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language.html
12.35
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linecache.html
12.7
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locale.html
68.54
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logging.config.html
82.23
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logging.handlers.html
91.96
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logging.html
123.15
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mac.html
24.49
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macos.html
18.51
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macosa.html
14.55
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macostools.html
19.67
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macpath.html
9.19
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mailbox.html
185.53
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mailcap.html
15.3
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markup.html
20.37
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marshal.html
19.88
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math.html
50.52
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md5.html
16.65
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mhlib.html
30.04
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mimetools.html
23.84
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mimetypes.html
35.82
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mimewriter.html
18.19
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mimify.html
16.96
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miniaeframe.html
14.5
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misc.html
7.77
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mm.html
10.19
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mmap.html
33.52
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modulefinder.html
19.85
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modules.html
9.68
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msilib.html
72.78
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msvcrt.html
24.1
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multifile.html
28.82
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multiprocessing.html
423.97
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mutex.html
13.56
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netdata.html
19.28
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netrc.html
15.51
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new.html
16.1
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nis.html
13.19
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nntplib.html
51.08
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numbers.html
40.91
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numeric.html
14.85
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operator.html
118.32
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optparse.html
251.08
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os.html
270.49
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os.path.html
48.87
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ossaudiodev.html
49.79
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othergui.html
9.98
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parser.html
44.52
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pdb.html
41.44
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persistence.html
16.25
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pickle.html
107.94
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pickletools.html
13.21
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pipes.html
21.85
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pkgutil.html
30.59
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platform.html
40.14
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plistlib.html
20.96
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popen2.html
30.13
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poplib.html
27.93
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posix.html
17.27
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posixfile.html
23.68
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pprint.html
36.42
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profile.html
76.65
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pty.html
11.42
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pwd.html
13.53
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py_compile.html
13.33
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pyclbr.html
18.14
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pydoc.html
14.33
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pyexpat.html
93.28
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python.html
13.53
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queue.html
29.64
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quopri.html
14.5
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random.html
47.78
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re.html
163.11
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readline.html
41.2
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repr.html
24.57
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resource.html
30.86
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restricted.html
12.69
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rexec.html
43.59
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rfc822.html
51.25
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rlcompleter.html
15.29
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robotparser.html
15.01
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runpy.html
23.55
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sched.html
21.76
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scrolledtext.html
10.67
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select.html
50.17
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sets.html
39.92
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sgi.html
11.09
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sgmllib.html
38.77
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sha.html
14.55
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shelve.html
32.93
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shlex.html
38.43
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shutil.html
49.49
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signal.html
36.52
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simplehttpserver.html
21.57
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simplexmlrpcserver.html
40.41
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site.html
29
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smtpd.html
15.64
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smtplib.html
51.86
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sndhdr.html
12.05
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socket.html
126.94
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socketserver.html
81.38
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someos.html
17.09
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spwd.html
12.25
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sqlite3.html
154.12
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ssl.html
214.5
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stat.html
41.11
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statvfs.html
13.24
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stdtypes.html
309.83
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string.html
129.58
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stringio.html
21.1
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stringprep.html
21.4
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strings.html
16.42
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struct.html
47.68
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subprocess.html
117
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sun.html
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sunau.html
35.43
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sunaudio.html
21.05
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symbol.html
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symtable.html
29.03
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sys.html
118.12
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sysconfig.html
28.8
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syslog.html
21.29
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tabnanny.html
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tarfile.html
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telnetlib.html
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tempfile.html
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termios.html
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test.html
61.42
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textwrap.html
32.28
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thread.html
22.67
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threading.html
92.04
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time.html
65.55
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timeit.html
44.38
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tix.html
56.73
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tk.html
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tkinter.html
86.67
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token.html
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tokenize.html
21.69
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trace.html
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traceback.html
44.22
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ttk.html
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tty.html
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turtle.html
246.17
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types.html
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undoc.html
25.54
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unicodedata.html
22.64
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unittest.html
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unix.html
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urllib.html
71.61
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urllib2.html
128.77
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urlparse.html
49.04
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user.html
13.41
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userdict.html
32.96
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uu.html
13.25
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uuid.html
33.55
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warnings.html
51.86
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wave.html
29.08
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weakref.html
41.14
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webbrowser.html
29.53
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whichdb.html
10.44
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windows.html
10.37
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winsound.html
22.56
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wsgiref.html
94.38
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xdrlib.html
38.05
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xml.dom.html
110.39
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xml.dom.minidom.html
45.23
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xml.dom.pulldom.html
16.32
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xml.etree.elementtree.html
124.2
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xml.html
18.76
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xml.sax.handler.html
47.5
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xml.sax.html
26.04
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xml.sax.reader.html
51.4
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xml.sax.utils.html
18.11
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xmlrpclib.html
71.79
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zipfile.html
67.26
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zipimport.html
24.32
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zlib.html
34.41
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>28.12. gc — Garbage Collector interface — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="28.13. inspect — Inspect live objects" href="inspect.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="28.11. __future__ — Future statement definitions" href="__future__.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/gc.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/gc.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="inspect.html" title="28.13. inspect — Inspect live objects" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="__future__.html" title="28.11. __future__ — Future statement definitions" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="python.html" accesskey="U"><span class="section-number">28. </span>Python Runtime Services</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">28.12. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc</span></code> — Garbage Collector interface</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-gc"> <span id="gc-garbage-collector-interface"></span><h1><span class="section-number">28.12. </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-gc" title="gc: Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc</span></code></a> — Garbage Collector interface<a class="headerlink" href="#module-gc" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>This module provides an interface to the optional garbage collector. It provides the ability to disable the collector, tune the collection frequency, and set debugging options. It also provides access to unreachable objects that the collector found but cannot free. Since the collector supplements the reference counting already used in Python, you can disable the collector if you are sure your program does not create reference cycles. Automatic collection can be disabled by calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc.disable()</span></code>. To debug a leaking program call <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc.set_debug(gc.DEBUG_LEAK)</span></code>. Notice that this includes <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL</span></code>, causing garbage-collected objects to be saved in gc.garbage for inspection.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-gc" title="gc: Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc</span></code></a> module provides the following functions:</p> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.enable"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">enable</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.enable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Enable automatic garbage collection.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.disable"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">disable</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.disable" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Disable automatic garbage collection.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.isenabled"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isenabled</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.isenabled" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns true if automatic collection is enabled.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.collect"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">collect</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">generation</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.collect" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>With no arguments, run a full collection. The optional argument <em>generation</em> may be an integer specifying which generation to collect (from 0 to 2). A <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code> is raised if the generation number is invalid. The number of unreachable objects found is returned.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>The optional <em>generation</em> argument was added.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.6: </span>The free lists maintained for a number of built-in types are cleared whenever a full collection or collection of the highest generation (2) is run. Not all items in some free lists may be freed due to the particular implementation, in particular <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#int" title="int"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#float" title="float"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">float</span></code></a>.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.set_debug"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_debug</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">flags</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.set_debug" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the garbage collection debugging flags. Debugging information will be written to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code>. See below for a list of debugging flags which can be combined using bit operations to control debugging.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.get_debug"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_debug</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.get_debug" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the debugging flags currently set.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.get_objects"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_objects</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.get_objects" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns a list of all objects tracked by the collector, excluding the list returned.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.set_threshold"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">set_threshold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">threshold0</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">threshold1</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">threshold2</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.set_threshold" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set the garbage collection thresholds (the collection frequency). Setting <em>threshold0</em> to zero disables collection.</p> <p>The GC classifies objects into three generations depending on how many collection sweeps they have survived. New objects are placed in the youngest generation (generation <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>). If an object survives a collection it is moved into the next older generation. Since generation <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code> is the oldest generation, objects in that generation remain there after a collection. In order to decide when to run, the collector keeps track of the number object allocations and deallocations since the last collection. When the number of allocations minus the number of deallocations exceeds <em>threshold0</em>, collection starts. Initially only generation <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> is examined. If generation <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> has been examined more than <em>threshold1</em> times since generation <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> has been examined, then generation <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> is examined as well. Similarly, <em>threshold2</em> controls the number of collections of generation <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> before collecting generation <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">2</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.get_count"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_count</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.get_count" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the current collection counts as a tuple of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(count0,</span> <span class="pre">count1,</span> <span class="pre">count2)</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.get_threshold"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_threshold</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.get_threshold" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the current collection thresholds as a tuple of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">(threshold0,</span> <span class="pre">threshold1,</span> <span class="pre">threshold2)</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.get_referrers"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_referrers</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">objs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.get_referrers" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the list of objects that directly refer to any of objs. This function will only locate those containers which support garbage collection; extension types which do refer to other objects but do not support garbage collection will not be found.</p> <p>Note that objects which have already been dereferenced, but which live in cycles and have not yet been collected by the garbage collector can be listed among the resulting referrers. To get only currently live objects, call <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.collect" title="gc.collect"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">collect()</span></code></a> before calling <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.get_referrers" title="gc.get_referrers"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_referrers()</span></code></a>.</p> <p>Care must be taken when using objects returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.get_referrers" title="gc.get_referrers"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_referrers()</span></code></a> because some of them could still be under construction and hence in a temporarily invalid state. Avoid using <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.get_referrers" title="gc.get_referrers"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get_referrers()</span></code></a> for any purpose other than debugging.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.2.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.get_referents"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get_referents</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">objs</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.get_referents" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a list of objects directly referred to by any of the arguments. The referents returned are those objects visited by the arguments’ C-level <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_traverse" title="PyTypeObject.tp_traverse"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_traverse</span></code></a> methods (if any), and may not be all objects actually directly reachable. <a class="reference internal" href="../c-api/typeobj.html#c.PyTypeObject.tp_traverse" title="PyTypeObject.tp_traverse"><code class="xref c c-member docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">tp_traverse</span></code></a> methods are supported only by objects that support garbage collection, and are only required to visit objects that may be involved in a cycle. So, for example, if an integer is directly reachable from an argument, that integer object may or may not appear in the result list.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.3.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.is_tracked"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">is_tracked</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">obj</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.is_tracked" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if the object is currently tracked by the garbage collector, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> otherwise. As a general rule, instances of atomic types aren’t tracked and instances of non-atomic types (containers, user-defined objects…) are. However, some type-specific optimizations can be present in order to suppress the garbage collector footprint of simple instances (e.g. dicts containing only atomic keys and values):</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">gc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_tracked</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">False</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">gc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_tracked</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"a"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="go">False</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">gc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_tracked</span><span class="p">([])</span> <span class="go">True</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">gc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_tracked</span><span class="p">({})</span> <span class="go">False</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">gc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_tracked</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">"a"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">})</span> <span class="go">False</span> <span class="gp">>>> </span><span class="n">gc</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">is_tracked</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="s2">"a"</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="p">[]})</span> <span class="go">True</span> </pre></div> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.7.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>The following variable is provided for read-only access (you can mutate its value but should not rebind it):</p> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.garbage"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">garbage</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.garbage" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A list of objects which the collector found to be unreachable but could not be freed (uncollectable objects). By default, this list contains only objects with <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__del__()</span></code> methods. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id2" id="id1">1</a> Objects that have <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__del__()</span></code> methods and are part of a reference cycle cause the entire reference cycle to be uncollectable, including objects not necessarily in the cycle but reachable only from it. Python doesn’t collect such cycles automatically because, in general, it isn’t possible for Python to guess a safe order in which to run the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__del__()</span></code> methods. If you know a safe order, you can force the issue by examining the <em>garbage</em> list, and explicitly breaking cycles due to your objects within the list. Note that these objects are kept alive even so by virtue of being in the <em>garbage</em> list, so they should be removed from <em>garbage</em> too. For example, after breaking cycles, do <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">del</span> <span class="pre">gc.garbage[:]</span></code> to empty the list. It’s generally better to avoid the issue by not creating cycles containing objects with <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__del__()</span></code> methods, and <em>garbage</em> can be examined in that case to verify that no such cycles are being created.</p> <p>If <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL" title="gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG_SAVEALL</span></code></a> is set, then all unreachable objects will be added to this list rather than freed.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The following constants are provided for use with <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.set_debug" title="gc.set_debug"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">set_debug()</span></code></a>:</p> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.DEBUG_STATS"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DEBUG_STATS</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.DEBUG_STATS" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print statistics during collection. This information can be useful when tuning the collection frequency.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DEBUG_COLLECTABLE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print information on collectable objects found.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Print information of uncollectable objects found (objects which are not reachable but cannot be freed by the collector). These objects will be added to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">garbage</span></code> list.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.DEBUG_INSTANCES"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DEBUG_INSTANCES</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.DEBUG_INSTANCES" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE" title="gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG_COLLECTABLE</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE" title="gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE</span></code></a> is set, print information about instance objects found.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.DEBUG_OBJECTS"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DEBUG_OBJECTS</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.DEBUG_OBJECTS" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE" title="gc.DEBUG_COLLECTABLE"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG_COLLECTABLE</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE" title="gc.DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE</span></code></a> is set, print information about objects other than instance objects found.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DEBUG_SAVEALL</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.DEBUG_SAVEALL" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When set, all unreachable objects found will be appended to <em>garbage</em> rather than being freed. This can be useful for debugging a leaking program.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="gc.DEBUG_LEAK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">gc.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">DEBUG_LEAK</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#gc.DEBUG_LEAK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The debugging flags necessary for the collector to print information about a leaking program (equal to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">DEBUG_COLLECTABLE</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">DEBUG_UNCOLLECTABLE</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">DEBUG_INSTANCES</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">DEBUG_OBJECTS</span> <span class="pre">|</span> <span class="pre">DEBUG_SAVEALL</span></code>).</p> </dd></dl> <p class="rubric">Footnotes</p> <dl class="footnote brackets"> <dt class="label" id="id2"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a></span></dt> <dd><p>Prior to Python 2.2, the list contained all instance objects in unreachable cycles, not only those with <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__del__()</span></code> methods.</p> </dd> </dl> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="__future__.html" title="previous chapter"><span class="section-number">28.11. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__future__</span></code> — Future statement definitions</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="inspect.html" title="next chapter"><span class="section-number">28.13. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inspect</span></code> — Inspect live objects</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/gc.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> </div> <script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="inspect.html" title="28.13. inspect — Inspect live objects" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="__future__.html" title="28.11. __future__ — Future statement definitions" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="python.html" ><span class="section-number">28. </span>Python Runtime Services</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">28.12. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gc</span></code> — Garbage Collector interface</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2024, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on December 09, 2024. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2. </div> </body> </html>
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