Linux cpanel.rrshost.in 5.15.0-25-generic #25-Ubuntu SMP Wed Mar 30 15:54:22 UTC 2022 x86_64
Apache
: 109.123.238.221 | : 172.69.17.15
128 Domain
8.2.28
aev999
Terminal
AUTO ROOT
Adminer
Backdoor Destroyer
Linux Exploit
Lock Shell
Lock File
Create User
CREATE RDP
PHP Mailer
BACKCONNECT
HASH IDENTIFIER
README
+ Create Folder
+ Create File
/
usr /
share /
doc /
python2.7 /
html /
library /
[ HOME SHELL ]
Name
Size
Permission
Action
2to3.html
63.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
__builtin__.html
11.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
__future__.html
15.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
__main__.html
8.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
_winreg.html
73.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
abc.html
26.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
aepack.html
15.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
aetools.html
18.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
aetypes.html
27.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
aifc.html
29.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
al.html
22.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
allos.html
35.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
anydbm.html
19.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
archiving.html
10.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
argparse.html
269.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
array.html
35.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
ast.html
42.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
asynchat.html
35.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
asyncore.html
43.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
atexit.html
19.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
audioop.html
41.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
autogil.html
9.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
base64.html
24.8
KB
-rw-r--r--
basehttpserver.html
40.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
bastion.html
13.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
bdb.html
50.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
binascii.html
26.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
binhex.html
12.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
bisect.html
28.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
bsddb.html
32.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
bz2.html
31.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
calendar.html
50.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
carbon.html
54.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
cd.html
35.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
cgi.html
58.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
cgihttpserver.html
15.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
cgitb.html
13.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
chunk.html
17.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
cmath.html
32.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
cmd.html
32.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
code.html
28.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
codecs.html
125.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
codeop.html
16.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
collections.html
150.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
colorpicker.html
9.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
colorsys.html
14.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
commands.html
16.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
compileall.html
21.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
compiler.html
78.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
configparser.html
73.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
constants.html
14.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
contextlib.html
22.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
cookie.html
45.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
cookielib.html
102.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
copy.html
14.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
copy_reg.html
15.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
crypt.html
11.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
crypto.html
8.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
csv.html
82.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
ctypes.html
280.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
curses.ascii.html
28.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
curses.html
200.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
curses.panel.html
18.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
custominterp.html
8.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
datatypes.html
18.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
datetime.html
261.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
dbhash.html
18.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
dbm.html
14.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
debug.html
11.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
decimal.html
239.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
development.html
15.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
difflib.html
96.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
dircache.html
13.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
dis.html
96.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
distribution.html
8.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
distutils.html
10.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
dl.html
19.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
doctest.html
193.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
docxmlrpcserver.html
20.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
dumbdbm.html
16.74
KB
-rw-r--r--
dummy_thread.html
11.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
dummy_threading.html
9.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
easydialogs.html
38.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
email-examples.html
47.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.charset.html
32.45
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.encoders.html
14.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.errors.html
19.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.generator.html
24.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.header.html
31.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.html
55.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.iterators.html
14.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.message.html
74.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.mime.html
34.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.parser.html
37.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.utils.html
30.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
ensurepip.html
20.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
errno.html
52.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
exceptions.html
73.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
fcntl.html
27.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
filecmp.html
26.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
fileformats.html
10.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
fileinput.html
29.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
filesys.html
11.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
fl.html
71.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
fm.html
15
KB
-rw-r--r--
fnmatch.html
17.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
formatter.html
43.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
fpectl.html
17.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
fpformat.html
12.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
fractions.html
27.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
framework.html
44.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
frameworks.html
8.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
ftplib.html
56.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
functions.html
216.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
functools.html
31.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
future_builtins.html
15.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
gc.html
30.74
KB
-rw-r--r--
gdbm.html
19.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
gensuitemodule.html
14.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
getopt.html
26.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
getpass.html
12.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
gettext.html
91.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
gl.html
26.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
glob.html
15.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
grp.html
12.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
gzip.html
21.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
hashlib.html
27.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
heapq.html
36.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
hmac.html
15.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
hotshot.html
22.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
htmllib.html
29.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
htmlparser.html
45.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
httplib.html
78.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
i18n.html
10.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
ic.html
22.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
idle.html
45.74
KB
-rw-r--r--
imageop.html
20.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
imaplib.html
69.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
imgfile.html
14.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
imghdr.html
13.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
imp.html
41.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
importlib.html
10.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
imputil.html
36.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
index.html
82.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
inspect.html
64.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
internet.html
26.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
intro.html
9.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
io.html
122.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
ipc.html
17.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
itertools.html
129.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
jpeg.html
15.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
json.html
79.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
keyword.html
9.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
language.html
12.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
linecache.html
12.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
locale.html
68.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
logging.config.html
82.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
logging.handlers.html
91.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
logging.html
123.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
mac.html
24.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
macos.html
18.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
macosa.html
14.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
macostools.html
19.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
macpath.html
9.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
mailbox.html
185.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
mailcap.html
15.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
markup.html
20.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
marshal.html
19.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
math.html
50.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
md5.html
16.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
mhlib.html
30.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimetools.html
23.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimetypes.html
35.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimewriter.html
18.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimify.html
16.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
miniaeframe.html
14.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
misc.html
7.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
mm.html
10.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
mmap.html
33.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
modulefinder.html
19.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
modules.html
9.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
msilib.html
72.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
msvcrt.html
24.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
multifile.html
28.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
multiprocessing.html
423.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
mutex.html
13.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
netdata.html
19.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
netrc.html
15.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
new.html
16.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
nis.html
13.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
nntplib.html
51.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
numbers.html
40.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
numeric.html
14.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
operator.html
118.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
optparse.html
251.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
os.html
270.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
os.path.html
48.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
ossaudiodev.html
49.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
othergui.html
9.98
KB
-rw-r--r--
parser.html
44.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
pdb.html
41.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
persistence.html
16.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
pickle.html
107.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
pickletools.html
13.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
pipes.html
21.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
pkgutil.html
30.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
platform.html
40.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
plistlib.html
20.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
popen2.html
30.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
poplib.html
27.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
posix.html
17.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
posixfile.html
23.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
pprint.html
36.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
profile.html
76.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
pty.html
11.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
pwd.html
13.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
py_compile.html
13.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
pyclbr.html
18.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
pydoc.html
14.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
pyexpat.html
93.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
python.html
13.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
queue.html
29.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
quopri.html
14.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
random.html
47.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
re.html
163.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
readline.html
41.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
repr.html
24.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
resource.html
30.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
restricted.html
12.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
rexec.html
43.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
rfc822.html
51.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
rlcompleter.html
15.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
robotparser.html
15.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
runpy.html
23.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
sched.html
21.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
scrolledtext.html
10.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
select.html
50.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
sets.html
39.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
sgi.html
11.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
sgmllib.html
38.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
sha.html
14.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
shelve.html
32.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
shlex.html
38.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
shutil.html
49.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
signal.html
36.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
simplehttpserver.html
21.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
simplexmlrpcserver.html
40.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
site.html
29
KB
-rw-r--r--
smtpd.html
15.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
smtplib.html
51.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
sndhdr.html
12.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
socket.html
126.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
socketserver.html
81.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
someos.html
17.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
spwd.html
12.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
sqlite3.html
154.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
ssl.html
214.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
stat.html
41.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
statvfs.html
13.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
stdtypes.html
309.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
string.html
129.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
stringio.html
21.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
stringprep.html
21.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
strings.html
16.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
struct.html
47.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
subprocess.html
117
KB
-rw-r--r--
sun.html
7.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
sunau.html
35.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
sunaudio.html
21.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
symbol.html
9.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
symtable.html
29.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
sys.html
118.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
sysconfig.html
28.8
KB
-rw-r--r--
syslog.html
21.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
tabnanny.html
12.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
tarfile.html
99.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
telnetlib.html
30.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
tempfile.html
35.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
termios.html
19.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
test.html
61.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
textwrap.html
32.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
thread.html
22.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
threading.html
92.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
time.html
65.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
timeit.html
44.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
tix.html
56.73
KB
-rw-r--r--
tk.html
26.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
tkinter.html
86.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
token.html
27.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
tokenize.html
21.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
trace.html
33.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
traceback.html
44.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
ttk.html
123.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
tty.html
10.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
turtle.html
246.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
types.html
33.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
undoc.html
25.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
unicodedata.html
22.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
unittest.html
246.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
unix.html
11.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
urllib.html
71.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
urllib2.html
128.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
urlparse.html
49.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
user.html
13.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
userdict.html
32.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
uu.html
13.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
uuid.html
33.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
warnings.html
51.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
wave.html
29.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
weakref.html
41.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
webbrowser.html
29.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
whichdb.html
10.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
windows.html
10.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
winsound.html
22.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
wsgiref.html
94.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
xdrlib.html
38.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.html
110.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.minidom.html
45.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.pulldom.html
16.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.etree.elementtree.html
124.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.html
18.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.handler.html
47.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.html
26.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.reader.html
51.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.utils.html
18.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
xmlrpclib.html
71.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
zipfile.html
67.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
zipimport.html
24.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
zlib.html
34.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
Delete
Unzip
Zip
${this.title}
Close
Code Editor : trace.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>26.7. trace — Trace or track Python statement execution — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="27. Software Packaging and Distribution" href="distribution.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="26.6. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets" href="timeit.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/trace.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/trace.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="distribution.html" title="27. Software Packaging and Distribution" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="timeit.html" title="26.6. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="debug.html" accesskey="U"><span class="section-number">26. </span>Debugging and Profiling</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">26.7. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace</span></code> — Trace or track Python statement execution</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-trace"> <span id="trace-trace-or-track-python-statement-execution"></span><h1><span class="section-number">26.7. </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-trace" title="trace: Trace or track Python statement execution."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace</span></code></a> — Trace or track Python statement execution<a class="headerlink" href="#module-trace" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/trace.py">Lib/trace.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-trace" title="trace: Trace or track Python statement execution."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace</span></code></a> module allows you to trace program execution, generate annotated statement coverage listings, print caller/callee relationships and list functions executed during a program run. It can be used in another program or from the command line.</p> <section id="command-line-usage"> <span id="trace-cli"></span><h2><span class="section-number">26.7.1. </span>Command-Line Usage<a class="headerlink" href="#command-line-usage" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-trace" title="trace: Trace or track Python statement execution."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace</span></code></a> module can be invoked from the command line. It can be as simple as</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">trace</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">count</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">C</span> <span class="o">.</span> <span class="n">somefile</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="o">...</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The above will execute <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">somefile.py</span></code> and generate annotated listings of all Python modules imported during the execution into the current directory.</p> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-help"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--help</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-help" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display usage and exit.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-version"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--version</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-version" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display the version of the module and exit.</p> </dd></dl> <section id="main-options"> <h3><span class="section-number">26.7.1.1. </span>Main options<a class="headerlink" href="#main-options" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>At least one of the following options must be specified when invoking <a class="reference internal" href="#module-trace" title="trace: Trace or track Python statement execution."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace</span></code></a>. The <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-l"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--listfuncs</span></code></a> option is mutually exclusive with the <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-t"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--trace</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-c"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--count</span></code></a> options. When <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-l"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--listfuncs</span></code></a> is provided, neither <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-c"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--count</span></code></a> nor <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-t"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--trace</span></code></a> are accepted, and vice versa.</p> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-c"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-count"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-c</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--count</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-c" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Produce a set of annotated listing files upon program completion that shows how many times each statement was executed. See also <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-C"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--coverdir</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-f"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--file</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-R"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--no-report</span></code></a> below.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-t"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-trace"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-t</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--trace</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-t" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display lines as they are executed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-l"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-listfuncs"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-l</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--listfuncs</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-l" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display the functions executed by running the program.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-r"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-report"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-r</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--report</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-r" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Produce an annotated list from an earlier program run that used the <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-c"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--count</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-f"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--file</span></code></a> option. This does not execute any code.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-T"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-trackcalls"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-T</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--trackcalls</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-T" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display the calling relationships exposed by running the program.</p> </dd></dl> </section> <section id="modifiers"> <h3><span class="section-number">26.7.1.2. </span>Modifiers<a class="headerlink" href="#modifiers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-f"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-file"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-f</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--file</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">=<file></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-f" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Name of a file to accumulate counts over several tracing runs. Should be used with the <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-c"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--count</span></code></a> option.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-C"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-coverdir"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-C</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--coverdir</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">=<dir></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-C" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Directory where the report files go. The coverage report for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">package.module</span></code> is written to file <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><em><span class="pre">dir</span></em><span class="pre">/</span><em><span class="pre">package</span></em><span class="pre">/</span><em><span class="pre">module</span></em><span class="pre">.cover</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-m"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-missing"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-m</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--missing</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-m" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When generating annotated listings, mark lines which were not executed with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">>>>>>></span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-s"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-summary"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-s</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--summary</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-s" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>When using <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-c"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--count</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-r"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--report</span></code></a>, write a brief summary to stdout for each file processed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-R"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-no-report"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-R</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--no-report</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-R" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Do not generate annotated listings. This is useful if you intend to make several runs with <a class="reference internal" href="#cmdoption-trace-c"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--count</span></code></a>, and then produce a single set of annotated listings at the end.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-g"> <span id="cmdoption-trace-timing"></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">-g</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">,</span> </span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--timing</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-g" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Prefix each line with the time since the program started. Only used while tracing.</p> </dd></dl> </section> <section id="filters"> <h3><span class="section-number">26.7.1.3. </span>Filters<a class="headerlink" href="#filters" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h3> <p>These options may be repeated multiple times.</p> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-ignore-module"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--ignore-module</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">=<mod></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-ignore-module" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Ignore each of the given module names and its submodules (if it is a package). The argument can be a list of names separated by a comma.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="std cmdoption"> <dt class="sig sig-object std" id="cmdoption-trace-ignore-dir"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">--ignore-dir</span></span><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">=<dir></span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#cmdoption-trace-ignore-dir" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Ignore all modules and packages in the named directory and subdirectories. The argument can be a list of directories separated by <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.pathsep" title="os.pathsep"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.pathsep</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> </section> </section> <section id="programmatic-interface"> <span id="trace-api"></span><h2><span class="section-number">26.7.2. </span>Programmatic Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#programmatic-interface" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="py class"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="trace.Trace"> <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">trace.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Trace</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">count=1</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">trace=1</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">countfuncs=0</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">countcallers=0</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ignoremods=()</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">ignoredirs=()</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">infile=None</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">outfile=None</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">timing=False</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#trace.Trace" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create an object to trace execution of a single statement or expression. All parameters are optional. <em>count</em> enables counting of line numbers. <em>trace</em> enables line execution tracing. <em>countfuncs</em> enables listing of the functions called during the run. <em>countcallers</em> enables call relationship tracking. <em>ignoremods</em> is a list of modules or packages to ignore. <em>ignoredirs</em> is a list of directories whose modules or packages should be ignored. <em>infile</em> is the name of the file from which to read stored count information. <em>outfile</em> is the name of the file in which to write updated count information. <em>timing</em> enables a timestamp relative to when tracing was started to be displayed.</p> <blockquote> <div><dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="trace.Trace.run"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">run</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cmd</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#trace.Trace.run" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Execute the command and gather statistics from the execution with the current tracing parameters. <em>cmd</em> must be a string or code object, suitable for passing into <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">exec()</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="trace.Trace.runctx"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">runctx</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">cmd</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">globals</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">locals</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">None</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#trace.Trace.runctx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Execute the command and gather statistics from the execution with the current tracing parameters, in the defined global and local environments. If not defined, <em>globals</em> and <em>locals</em> default to empty dictionaries.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="trace.Trace.runfunc"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">runfunc</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">func</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">*</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">args</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="o"><span class="pre">**</span></span><span class="n"><span class="pre">kwds</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#trace.Trace.runfunc" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Call <em>func</em> with the given arguments under control of the <a class="reference internal" href="#trace.Trace" title="trace.Trace"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Trace</span></code></a> object with the current tracing parameters.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="trace.Trace.results"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">results</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#trace.Trace.results" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a <a class="reference internal" href="#trace.CoverageResults" title="trace.CoverageResults"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CoverageResults</span></code></a> object that contains the cumulative results of all previous calls to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">run</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runctx</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runfunc</span></code> for the given <a class="reference internal" href="#trace.Trace" title="trace.Trace"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Trace</span></code></a> instance. Does not reset the accumulated trace results.</p> </dd></dl> </div></blockquote> </dd></dl> <dl class="py class"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="trace.CoverageResults"> <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">trace.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">CoverageResults</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#trace.CoverageResults" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A container for coverage results, created by <a class="reference internal" href="#trace.Trace.results" title="trace.Trace.results"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Trace.results()</span></code></a>. Should not be created directly by the user.</p> <blockquote> <div><dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="trace.CoverageResults.update"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">update</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">other</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#trace.CoverageResults.update" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Merge in data from another <a class="reference internal" href="#trace.CoverageResults" title="trace.CoverageResults"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">CoverageResults</span></code></a> object.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="trace.CoverageResults.write_results"> <span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write_results</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">show_missing=True</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">summary=False</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">coverdir=None</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#trace.CoverageResults.write_results" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write coverage results. Set <em>show_missing</em> to show lines that had no hits. Set <em>summary</em> to include in the output the coverage summary per module. <em>coverdir</em> specifies the directory into which the coverage result files will be output. If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, the results for each source file are placed in its directory.</p> </dd></dl> </div></blockquote> </dd></dl> <p>A simple example demonstrating the use of the programmatic interface:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">sys</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">trace</span> <span class="c1"># create a Trace object, telling it what to ignore, and whether to</span> <span class="c1"># do tracing or line-counting or both.</span> <span class="n">tracer</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">trace</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">Trace</span><span class="p">(</span> <span class="n">ignoredirs</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">prefix</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">exec_prefix</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">trace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">count</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># run the new command using the given tracer</span> <span class="n">tracer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">run</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s1">'main()'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># make a report, placing output in the current directory</span> <span class="n">r</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tracer</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">results</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="n">r</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">write_results</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">show_missing</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="kc">True</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">coverdir</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"."</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">26.7. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace</span></code> — Trace or track Python statement execution</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#command-line-usage">26.7.1. Command-Line Usage</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#main-options">26.7.1.1. Main options</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#modifiers">26.7.1.2. Modifiers</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#filters">26.7.1.3. Filters</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#programmatic-interface">26.7.2. Programmatic Interface</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="timeit.html" title="previous chapter"><span class="section-number">26.6. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">timeit</span></code> — Measure execution time of small code snippets</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="distribution.html" title="next chapter"><span class="section-number">27. </span>Software Packaging and Distribution</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/trace.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> </div> <script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="distribution.html" title="27. Software Packaging and Distribution" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="timeit.html" title="26.6. timeit — Measure execution time of small code snippets" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="debug.html" ><span class="section-number">26. </span>Debugging and Profiling</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">26.7. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">trace</span></code> — Trace or track Python statement execution</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2024, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on December 09, 2024. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2. </div> </body> </html>
Close