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2to3.html
63.71
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__builtin__.html
11.79
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__future__.html
15.58
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__main__.html
8.33
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_winreg.html
73.99
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abc.html
26.82
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aepack.html
15.47
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aetools.html
18.79
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aetypes.html
27.08
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aifc.html
29.59
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al.html
22.13
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allos.html
35.48
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anydbm.html
19.31
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archiving.html
10.64
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argparse.html
269.59
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array.html
35.35
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ast.html
42.42
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asynchat.html
35.84
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asyncore.html
43.22
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atexit.html
19.23
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audioop.html
41.32
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autogil.html
9.77
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base64.html
24.8
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basehttpserver.html
40.6
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bastion.html
13.02
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bdb.html
50.06
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binascii.html
26.64
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binhex.html
12.66
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bisect.html
28.52
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bsddb.html
32.02
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bz2.html
31.92
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calendar.html
50.16
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carbon.html
54.14
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cd.html
35.24
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cgi.html
58.4
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cgihttpserver.html
15.12
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cgitb.html
13.5
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chunk.html
17.41
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cmath.html
32.41
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cmd.html
32.69
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code.html
28.92
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codecs.html
125.92
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codeop.html
16.42
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collections.html
150.36
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colorpicker.html
9.02
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colorsys.html
14.38
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commands.html
16.63
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compileall.html
21.18
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compiler.html
78.14
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configparser.html
73.92
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constants.html
14.68
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contextlib.html
22.91
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cookie.html
45.38
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cookielib.html
102.78
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copy.html
14.21
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copy_reg.html
15.82
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crypt.html
11.62
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crypto.html
8.35
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csv.html
82.79
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ctypes.html
280.57
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curses.ascii.html
28.97
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curses.html
200.94
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curses.panel.html
18.43
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custominterp.html
8.59
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datatypes.html
18.84
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datetime.html
261.02
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dbhash.html
18.4
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dbm.html
14.75
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debug.html
11.28
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decimal.html
239.14
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development.html
15.27
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difflib.html
96.93
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dircache.html
13.66
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dis.html
96.52
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distribution.html
8.27
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distutils.html
10.97
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dl.html
19.27
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doctest.html
193.18
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docxmlrpcserver.html
20.02
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dumbdbm.html
16.74
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dummy_thread.html
11.04
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dummy_threading.html
9.96
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easydialogs.html
38.83
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email-examples.html
47.2
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email.charset.html
32.45
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email.encoders.html
14.09
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email.errors.html
19.2
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email.generator.html
24.78
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email.header.html
31.12
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email.html
55.3
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email.iterators.html
14.22
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email.message.html
74.91
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email.mime.html
34.51
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email.parser.html
37.09
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email.utils.html
30.04
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ensurepip.html
20.21
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errno.html
52.31
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exceptions.html
73.4
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fcntl.html
27.85
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filecmp.html
26.49
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fileformats.html
10.21
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fileinput.html
29.36
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filesys.html
11.55
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fl.html
71.58
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fm.html
15
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fnmatch.html
17.78
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formatter.html
43.91
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fpectl.html
17.84
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fpformat.html
12.65
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fractions.html
27.17
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framework.html
44.24
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frameworks.html
8.11
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ftplib.html
56.56
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functions.html
216.84
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functools.html
31.06
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future_builtins.html
15.9
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gc.html
30.74
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gdbm.html
19.35
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gensuitemodule.html
14.54
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getopt.html
26.56
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getpass.html
12.5
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gettext.html
91.32
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gl.html
26.71
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glob.html
15.42
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grp.html
12.33
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gzip.html
21.95
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hashlib.html
27.4
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heapq.html
36.72
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hmac.html
15.97
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hotshot.html
22.69
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htmllib.html
29.9
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htmlparser.html
45.11
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httplib.html
78.55
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i18n.html
10.61
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ic.html
22.03
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idle.html
45.74
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imageop.html
20.94
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imaplib.html
69.9
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imgfile.html
14.91
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imghdr.html
13.43
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imp.html
41.48
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importlib.html
10.27
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imputil.html
36.11
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index.html
82.54
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inspect.html
64.31
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internet.html
26.77
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intro.html
9.76
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io.html
122.3
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ipc.html
17.18
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itertools.html
129.91
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jpeg.html
15.36
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json.html
79.09
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keyword.html
9.27
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language.html
12.35
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linecache.html
12.7
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locale.html
68.54
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logging.config.html
82.23
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logging.handlers.html
91.96
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logging.html
123.15
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mac.html
24.49
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macos.html
18.51
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macosa.html
14.55
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macostools.html
19.67
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macpath.html
9.19
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mailbox.html
185.53
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mailcap.html
15.3
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markup.html
20.37
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marshal.html
19.88
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math.html
50.52
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md5.html
16.65
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mhlib.html
30.04
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mimetools.html
23.84
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mimetypes.html
35.82
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mimewriter.html
18.19
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mimify.html
16.96
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miniaeframe.html
14.5
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misc.html
7.77
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mm.html
10.19
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mmap.html
33.52
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modulefinder.html
19.85
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modules.html
9.68
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msilib.html
72.78
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msvcrt.html
24.1
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multifile.html
28.82
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multiprocessing.html
423.97
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mutex.html
13.56
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netdata.html
19.28
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netrc.html
15.51
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new.html
16.1
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nis.html
13.19
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nntplib.html
51.08
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numbers.html
40.91
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numeric.html
14.85
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operator.html
118.32
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optparse.html
251.08
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os.html
270.49
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os.path.html
48.87
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ossaudiodev.html
49.79
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othergui.html
9.98
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parser.html
44.52
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pdb.html
41.44
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persistence.html
16.25
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pickle.html
107.94
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pickletools.html
13.21
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pipes.html
21.85
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pkgutil.html
30.59
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platform.html
40.14
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plistlib.html
20.96
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popen2.html
30.13
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poplib.html
27.93
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posix.html
17.27
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posixfile.html
23.68
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pprint.html
36.42
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profile.html
76.65
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pty.html
11.42
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pwd.html
13.53
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py_compile.html
13.33
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pyclbr.html
18.14
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pydoc.html
14.33
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pyexpat.html
93.28
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python.html
13.53
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queue.html
29.64
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quopri.html
14.5
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random.html
47.78
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re.html
163.11
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readline.html
41.2
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repr.html
24.57
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resource.html
30.86
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restricted.html
12.69
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rexec.html
43.59
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rfc822.html
51.25
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rlcompleter.html
15.29
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robotparser.html
15.01
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runpy.html
23.55
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sched.html
21.76
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scrolledtext.html
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select.html
50.17
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sets.html
39.92
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sgi.html
11.09
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sgmllib.html
38.77
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sha.html
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shelve.html
32.93
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shlex.html
38.43
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shutil.html
49.49
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signal.html
36.52
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simplehttpserver.html
21.57
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simplexmlrpcserver.html
40.41
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site.html
29
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smtpd.html
15.64
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smtplib.html
51.86
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sndhdr.html
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socket.html
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socketserver.html
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someos.html
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spwd.html
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sqlite3.html
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ssl.html
214.5
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stat.html
41.11
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statvfs.html
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stdtypes.html
309.83
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string.html
129.58
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stringio.html
21.1
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stringprep.html
21.4
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strings.html
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struct.html
47.68
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subprocess.html
117
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sun.html
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sunau.html
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sunaudio.html
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symbol.html
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symtable.html
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sys.html
118.12
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sysconfig.html
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syslog.html
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tabnanny.html
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tarfile.html
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telnetlib.html
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tempfile.html
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termios.html
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test.html
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textwrap.html
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thread.html
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threading.html
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time.html
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timeit.html
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tix.html
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tk.html
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tkinter.html
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token.html
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tokenize.html
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trace.html
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traceback.html
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ttk.html
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tty.html
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turtle.html
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types.html
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undoc.html
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unicodedata.html
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unittest.html
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unix.html
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urllib.html
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urllib2.html
128.77
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urlparse.html
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user.html
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userdict.html
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uu.html
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uuid.html
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warnings.html
51.86
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wave.html
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weakref.html
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webbrowser.html
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whichdb.html
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windows.html
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winsound.html
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wsgiref.html
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xdrlib.html
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xml.dom.html
110.39
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xml.dom.minidom.html
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xml.dom.pulldom.html
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xml.etree.elementtree.html
124.2
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xml.html
18.76
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xml.sax.handler.html
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xml.sax.html
26.04
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xml.sax.reader.html
51.4
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xml.sax.utils.html
18.11
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xmlrpclib.html
71.79
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zipfile.html
67.26
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zipimport.html
24.32
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zlib.html
34.41
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>29.1. code — Interpreter base classes — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="29.2. codeop — Compile Python code" href="codeop.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="29. 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You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/code.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="codeop.html" title="29.2. codeop — Compile Python code" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="custominterp.html" title="29. Custom Python Interpreters" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="custominterp.html" accesskey="U"><span class="section-number">29. </span>Custom Python Interpreters</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">29.1. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code> — Interpreter base classes</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-code"> <span id="code-interpreter-base-classes"></span><h1><span class="section-number">29.1. </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-code" title="code: Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code></a> — Interpreter base classes<a class="headerlink" href="#module-code" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code> module provides facilities to implement read-eval-print loops in Python. Two classes and convenience functions are included which can be used to build applications which provide an interactive interpreter prompt.</p> <dl class="py class"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveInterpreter"> <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">code.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">locals</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This class deals with parsing and interpreter state (the user’s namespace); it does not deal with input buffering or prompting or input file naming (the filename is always passed in explicitly). The optional <em>locals</em> argument specifies the dictionary in which code will be executed; it defaults to a newly created dictionary with key <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'__name__'</span></code> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'__console__'</span></code> and key <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'__doc__'</span></code> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py class"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveConsole"> <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">code.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">locals</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Closely emulate the behavior of the interactive Python interpreter. This class builds on <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter</span></code></a> and adds prompting using the familiar <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.ps1</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.ps2</span></code>, and input buffering.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.interact"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">code.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interact</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">banner</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">readfunc</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">local</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.interact" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convenience function to run a read-eval-print loop. This creates a new instance of <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveConsole" title="code.InteractiveConsole"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole</span></code></a> and sets <em>readfunc</em> to be used as the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.raw_input" title="code.InteractiveConsole.raw_input"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole.raw_input()</span></code></a> method, if provided. If <em>local</em> is provided, it is passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveConsole" title="code.InteractiveConsole"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole</span></code></a> constructor for use as the default namespace for the interpreter loop. The <a class="reference internal" href="#code.interact" title="code.interact"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">interact()</span></code></a> method of the instance is then run with <em>banner</em> passed as the banner to use, if provided. The console object is discarded after use.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.compile_command"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">code.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">compile_command</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">source</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">symbol</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.compile_command" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>This function is useful for programs that want to emulate Python’s interpreter main loop (a.k.a. the read-eval-print loop). The tricky part is to determine when the user has entered an incomplete command that can be completed by entering more text (as opposed to a complete command or a syntax error). This function <em>almost</em> always makes the same decision as the real interpreter main loop.</p> <p><em>source</em> is the source string; <em>filename</em> is the optional filename from which source was read, defaulting to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<input>'</span></code>; and <em>symbol</em> is the optional grammar start symbol, which should be either <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'single'</span></code> (the default) or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'eval'</span></code>.</p> <p>Returns a code object (the same as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile(source,</span> <span class="pre">filename,</span> <span class="pre">symbol)</span></code>) if the command is complete and valid; <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code> if the command is incomplete; raises <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code> if the command is complete and contains a syntax error, or raises <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ValueError</span></code> if the command contains an invalid literal.</p> </dd></dl> <section id="interactive-interpreter-objects"> <span id="interpreter-objects"></span><h2><span class="section-number">29.1.1. </span>Interactive Interpreter Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#interactive-interpreter-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">runsource</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">source</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">symbol</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Compile and run some source in the interpreter. Arguments are the same as for <a class="reference internal" href="#code.compile_command" title="code.compile_command"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_command()</span></code></a>; the default for <em>filename</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<input>'</span></code>, and for <em>symbol</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'single'</span></code>. One several things can happen:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>The input is incorrect; <a class="reference internal" href="#code.compile_command" title="code.compile_command"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_command()</span></code></a> raised an exception (<code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SyntaxError</span></code> or <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OverflowError</span></code>). A syntax traceback will be printed by calling the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">showsyntaxerror()</span></code></a> method. <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.</p></li> <li><p>The input is incomplete, and more input is required; <a class="reference internal" href="#code.compile_command" title="code.compile_command"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_command()</span></code></a> returned <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>. <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>.</p></li> <li><p>The input is complete; <a class="reference internal" href="#code.compile_command" title="code.compile_command"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">compile_command()</span></code></a> returned a code object. The code is executed by calling the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runcode" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runcode"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runcode()</span></code></a> (which also handles run-time exceptions, except for <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemExit</span></code>). <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runsource"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code></a> returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code>.</p></li> </ul> <p>The return value can be used to decide whether to use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.ps1</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.ps2</span></code> to prompt the next line.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.runcode"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">runcode</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">code</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.runcode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Execute a code object. When an exception occurs, <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">showtraceback()</span></code></a> is called to display a traceback. All exceptions are caught except <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SystemExit</span></code>, which is allowed to propagate.</p> <p>A note about <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyboardInterrupt</span></code>: this exception may occur elsewhere in this code, and may not always be caught. The caller should be prepared to deal with it.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">showsyntaxerror</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.showsyntaxerror" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display the syntax error that just occurred. This does not display a stack trace because there isn’t one for syntax errors. If <em>filename</em> is given, it is stuffed into the exception instead of the default filename provided by Python’s parser, because it always uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'<string>'</span></code> when reading from a string. The output is written by the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.write" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">showtraceback</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.showtraceback" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display the exception that just occurred. We remove the first stack item because it is within the interpreter object implementation. The output is written by the <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.write" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">write()</span></code></a> method.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveInterpreter.write"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">write</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write a string to the standard error stream (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stderr</span></code>). Derived classes should override this to provide the appropriate output handling as needed.</p> </dd></dl> </section> <section id="interactive-console-objects"> <span id="console-objects"></span><h2><span class="section-number">29.1.2. </span>Interactive Console Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#interactive-console-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveConsole" title="code.InteractiveConsole"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole</span></code></a> class is a subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#code.InteractiveInterpreter" title="code.InteractiveInterpreter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">InteractiveInterpreter</span></code></a>, and so offers all the methods of the interpreter objects as well as the following additions.</p> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveConsole.interact"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">interact</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">banner</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.interact" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Closely emulate the interactive Python console. The optional banner argument specify the banner to print before the first interaction; by default it prints a banner similar to the one printed by the standard Python interpreter, followed by the class name of the console object in parentheses (so as not to confuse this with the real interpreter – since it’s so close!).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveConsole.push"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">push</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">line</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.push" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Push a line of source text to the interpreter. The line should not have a trailing newline; it may have internal newlines. The line is appended to a buffer and the interpreter’s <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code> method is called with the concatenated contents of the buffer as source. If this indicates that the command was executed or invalid, the buffer is reset; otherwise, the command is incomplete, and the buffer is left as it was after the line was appended. The return value is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code> if more input is required, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">False</span></code> if the line was dealt with in some way (this is the same as <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">runsource()</span></code>).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveConsole.resetbuffer"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">resetbuffer</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.resetbuffer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Remove any unhandled source text from the input buffer.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="code.InteractiveConsole.raw_input"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">InteractiveConsole.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">raw_input</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">prompt</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#code.InteractiveConsole.raw_input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Write a prompt and read a line. The returned line does not include the trailing newline. When the user enters the EOF key sequence, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">EOFError</span></code> is raised. The base implementation uses the built-in function <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#raw_input" title="raw_input"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">raw_input()</span></code></a>; a subclass may replace this with a different implementation.</p> </dd></dl> </section> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">29.1. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">code</span></code> — Interpreter base classes</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#interactive-interpreter-objects">29.1.1. Interactive Interpreter Objects</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#interactive-console-objects">29.1.2. Interactive Console Objects</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="custominterp.html" title="previous chapter"><span class="section-number">29. </span>Custom Python Interpreters</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="codeop.html" title="next chapter"><span class="section-number">29.2. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codeop</span></code> — Compile Python code</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/code.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> </div> <script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="codeop.html" title="29.2. codeop — Compile Python code" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="custominterp.html" title="29. 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