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2to3.html
63.71
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__builtin__.html
11.79
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__future__.html
15.58
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__main__.html
8.33
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_winreg.html
73.99
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abc.html
26.82
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aepack.html
15.47
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aetools.html
18.79
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aetypes.html
27.08
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aifc.html
29.59
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al.html
22.13
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allos.html
35.48
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anydbm.html
19.31
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archiving.html
10.64
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argparse.html
269.59
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array.html
35.35
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ast.html
42.42
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asynchat.html
35.84
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asyncore.html
43.22
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atexit.html
19.23
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audioop.html
41.32
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autogil.html
9.77
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base64.html
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basehttpserver.html
40.6
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bastion.html
13.02
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bdb.html
50.06
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binascii.html
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binhex.html
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bisect.html
28.52
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bsddb.html
32.02
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bz2.html
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calendar.html
50.16
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carbon.html
54.14
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cd.html
35.24
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cgi.html
58.4
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cgihttpserver.html
15.12
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cgitb.html
13.5
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chunk.html
17.41
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cmath.html
32.41
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cmd.html
32.69
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code.html
28.92
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codecs.html
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codeop.html
16.42
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collections.html
150.36
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colorpicker.html
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colorsys.html
14.38
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commands.html
16.63
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compileall.html
21.18
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compiler.html
78.14
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configparser.html
73.92
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constants.html
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contextlib.html
22.91
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cookie.html
45.38
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cookielib.html
102.78
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copy.html
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copy_reg.html
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crypt.html
11.62
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crypto.html
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csv.html
82.79
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ctypes.html
280.57
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curses.ascii.html
28.97
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curses.html
200.94
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curses.panel.html
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custominterp.html
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datatypes.html
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datetime.html
261.02
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dbhash.html
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dbm.html
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debug.html
11.28
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decimal.html
239.14
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development.html
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difflib.html
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dircache.html
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dis.html
96.52
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distribution.html
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distutils.html
10.97
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dl.html
19.27
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doctest.html
193.18
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docxmlrpcserver.html
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dumbdbm.html
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dummy_thread.html
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dummy_threading.html
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easydialogs.html
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email-examples.html
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email.charset.html
32.45
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email.encoders.html
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email.errors.html
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email.generator.html
24.78
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email.header.html
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email.html
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email.iterators.html
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email.message.html
74.91
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email.mime.html
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email.parser.html
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email.utils.html
30.04
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ensurepip.html
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errno.html
52.31
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exceptions.html
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fcntl.html
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filecmp.html
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fileformats.html
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fileinput.html
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filesys.html
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fl.html
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fm.html
15
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fnmatch.html
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formatter.html
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fpectl.html
17.84
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fpformat.html
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fractions.html
27.17
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framework.html
44.24
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frameworks.html
8.11
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ftplib.html
56.56
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functions.html
216.84
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functools.html
31.06
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future_builtins.html
15.9
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gc.html
30.74
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gdbm.html
19.35
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gensuitemodule.html
14.54
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getopt.html
26.56
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getpass.html
12.5
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gettext.html
91.32
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gl.html
26.71
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glob.html
15.42
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grp.html
12.33
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gzip.html
21.95
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hashlib.html
27.4
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heapq.html
36.72
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hmac.html
15.97
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hotshot.html
22.69
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htmllib.html
29.9
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htmlparser.html
45.11
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httplib.html
78.55
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i18n.html
10.61
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ic.html
22.03
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idle.html
45.74
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imageop.html
20.94
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imaplib.html
69.9
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imgfile.html
14.91
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imghdr.html
13.43
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imp.html
41.48
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importlib.html
10.27
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imputil.html
36.11
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index.html
82.54
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inspect.html
64.31
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internet.html
26.77
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intro.html
9.76
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io.html
122.3
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ipc.html
17.18
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itertools.html
129.91
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jpeg.html
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json.html
79.09
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keyword.html
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language.html
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linecache.html
12.7
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locale.html
68.54
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logging.config.html
82.23
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logging.handlers.html
91.96
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logging.html
123.15
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mac.html
24.49
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macos.html
18.51
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macosa.html
14.55
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macostools.html
19.67
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macpath.html
9.19
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mailbox.html
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mailcap.html
15.3
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markup.html
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marshal.html
19.88
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math.html
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md5.html
16.65
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mhlib.html
30.04
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mimetools.html
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mimetypes.html
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mimewriter.html
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mimify.html
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miniaeframe.html
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misc.html
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mm.html
10.19
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mmap.html
33.52
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modulefinder.html
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modules.html
9.68
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msilib.html
72.78
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msvcrt.html
24.1
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multifile.html
28.82
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multiprocessing.html
423.97
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mutex.html
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netdata.html
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netrc.html
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new.html
16.1
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nis.html
13.19
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nntplib.html
51.08
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numbers.html
40.91
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numeric.html
14.85
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operator.html
118.32
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optparse.html
251.08
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os.html
270.49
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os.path.html
48.87
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ossaudiodev.html
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othergui.html
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parser.html
44.52
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pdb.html
41.44
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persistence.html
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pickle.html
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pickletools.html
13.21
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pipes.html
21.85
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pkgutil.html
30.59
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platform.html
40.14
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plistlib.html
20.96
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popen2.html
30.13
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poplib.html
27.93
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posix.html
17.27
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posixfile.html
23.68
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pprint.html
36.42
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profile.html
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pty.html
11.42
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pwd.html
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py_compile.html
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pyclbr.html
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pydoc.html
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pyexpat.html
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python.html
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queue.html
29.64
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quopri.html
14.5
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random.html
47.78
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re.html
163.11
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readline.html
41.2
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repr.html
24.57
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resource.html
30.86
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restricted.html
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rexec.html
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rfc822.html
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rlcompleter.html
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robotparser.html
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runpy.html
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sched.html
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scrolledtext.html
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select.html
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sets.html
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sgi.html
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sgmllib.html
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sha.html
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shelve.html
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shlex.html
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shutil.html
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signal.html
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simplehttpserver.html
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simplexmlrpcserver.html
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site.html
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smtpd.html
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smtplib.html
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sndhdr.html
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socket.html
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socketserver.html
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someos.html
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spwd.html
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sqlite3.html
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ssl.html
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stat.html
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statvfs.html
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stdtypes.html
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string.html
129.58
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stringio.html
21.1
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stringprep.html
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strings.html
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struct.html
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subprocess.html
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sun.html
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sunau.html
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sunaudio.html
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symbol.html
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symtable.html
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sys.html
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sysconfig.html
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syslog.html
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tabnanny.html
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tarfile.html
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telnetlib.html
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tempfile.html
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termios.html
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test.html
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textwrap.html
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thread.html
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threading.html
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time.html
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timeit.html
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tix.html
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tk.html
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tkinter.html
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token.html
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tokenize.html
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trace.html
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traceback.html
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ttk.html
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tty.html
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turtle.html
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types.html
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undoc.html
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unicodedata.html
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unittest.html
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unix.html
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urllib.html
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urllib2.html
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urlparse.html
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user.html
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userdict.html
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uu.html
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uuid.html
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warnings.html
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wave.html
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weakref.html
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webbrowser.html
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whichdb.html
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windows.html
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winsound.html
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wsgiref.html
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xdrlib.html
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xml.dom.html
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xml.dom.minidom.html
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xml.dom.pulldom.html
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xml.etree.elementtree.html
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xml.html
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xml.sax.handler.html
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xml.sax.html
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xml.sax.reader.html
51.4
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xml.sax.utils.html
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xmlrpclib.html
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zipfile.html
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zipimport.html
24.32
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zlib.html
34.41
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${this.title}
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Code Editor : restricted.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>30. Restricted Execution — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="30.1. rexec — Restricted execution framework" href="rexec.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="29.2. codeop — Compile Python code" href="codeop.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/restricted.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/restricted.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="rexec.html" title="30.1. rexec — Restricted execution framework" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="codeop.html" title="29.2. codeop — Compile Python code" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">30. </span>Restricted Execution</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="restricted-execution"> <span id="restricted"></span><h1><span class="section-number">30. </span>Restricted Execution<a class="headerlink" href="#restricted-execution" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <div class="admonition warning"> <p class="admonition-title">Warning</p> <p>In Python 2.3 these modules have been disabled due to various known and not readily fixable security holes. The modules are still documented here to help in reading old code that uses the <a class="reference internal" href="rexec.html#module-rexec" title="rexec: Basic restricted execution framework. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rexec</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="bastion.html#module-Bastion" title="Bastion: Providing restricted access to objects. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bastion</span></code></a> modules.</p> </div> <p><em>Restricted execution</em> is the basic framework in Python that allows for the segregation of trusted and untrusted code. The framework is based on the notion that trusted Python code (a <em>supervisor</em>) can create a “padded cell’ (or environment) with limited permissions, and run the untrusted code within this cell. The untrusted code cannot break out of its cell, and can only interact with sensitive system resources through interfaces defined and managed by the trusted code. The term “restricted execution” is favored over “safe-Python” since true safety is hard to define, and is determined by the way the restricted environment is created. Note that the restricted environments can be nested, with inner cells creating subcells of lesser, but never greater, privilege.</p> <p>An interesting aspect of Python’s restricted execution model is that the interfaces presented to untrusted code usually have the same names as those presented to trusted code. Therefore no special interfaces need to be learned to write code designed to run in a restricted environment. And because the exact nature of the padded cell is determined by the supervisor, different restrictions can be imposed, depending on the application. For example, it might be deemed “safe” for untrusted code to read any file within a specified directory, but never to write a file. In this case, the supervisor may redefine the built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> function so that it raises an exception whenever the <em>mode</em> parameter is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w'</span></code>. It might also perform a <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">chroot()</span></code>-like operation on the <em>filename</em> parameter, such that root is always relative to some safe “sandbox” area of the filesystem. In this case, the untrusted code would still see a built-in <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> function in its environment, with the same calling interface. The semantics would be identical too, with <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IOError</span></code>s being raised when the supervisor determined that an unallowable parameter is being used.</p> <p>The Python run-time determines whether a particular code block is executing in restricted execution mode based on the identity of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__builtins__</span></code> object in its global variables: if this is (the dictionary of) the standard <a class="reference internal" href="__builtin__.html#module-__builtin__" title="__builtin__: The module that provides the built-in namespace."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__builtin__</span></code></a> module, the code is deemed to be unrestricted, else it is deemed to be restricted.</p> <p>Python code executing in restricted mode faces a number of limitations that are designed to prevent it from escaping from the padded cell. For instance, the function object attribute <code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">func_globals</span></code> and the class and instance object attribute <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#object.__dict__" title="object.__dict__"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__dict__</span></code></a> are unavailable.</p> <p>Two modules provide the framework for setting up restricted execution environments:</p> <div class="toctree-wrapper compound"> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="rexec.html">30.1. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rexec</span></code> — Restricted execution framework</a><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="rexec.html#rexec-objects">30.1.1. RExec Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="rexec.html#defining-restricted-environments">30.1.2. Defining restricted environments</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="rexec.html#an-example">30.1.3. An example</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="bastion.html">30.2. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Bastion</span></code> — Restricting access to objects</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="simple"> <dt><a class="reference external" href="http://grail.sourceforge.net/">Grail Home Page</a></dt><dd><p>Grail, an Internet browser written in Python, uses these modules to support Python applets. More information on the use of Python’s restricted execution mode in Grail is available on the Web site.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="codeop.html" title="previous chapter"><span class="section-number">29.2. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">codeop</span></code> — Compile Python code</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="rexec.html" title="next chapter"><span class="section-number">30.1. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rexec</span></code> — Restricted execution framework</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/restricted.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> </div> <script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="rexec.html" title="30.1. rexec — Restricted execution framework" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="codeop.html" title="29.2. codeop — Compile Python code" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">30. </span>Restricted Execution</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2024, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on December 09, 2024. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2. </div> </body> </html>
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