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Size
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2to3.html
63.71
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__builtin__.html
11.79
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__future__.html
15.58
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__main__.html
8.33
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_winreg.html
73.99
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abc.html
26.82
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aepack.html
15.47
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aetools.html
18.79
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aetypes.html
27.08
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aifc.html
29.59
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al.html
22.13
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allos.html
35.48
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anydbm.html
19.31
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archiving.html
10.64
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argparse.html
269.59
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array.html
35.35
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ast.html
42.42
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asynchat.html
35.84
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asyncore.html
43.22
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atexit.html
19.23
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audioop.html
41.32
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autogil.html
9.77
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base64.html
24.8
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basehttpserver.html
40.6
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bastion.html
13.02
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bdb.html
50.06
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binascii.html
26.64
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binhex.html
12.66
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bisect.html
28.52
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bsddb.html
32.02
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bz2.html
31.92
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calendar.html
50.16
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carbon.html
54.14
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cd.html
35.24
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cgi.html
58.4
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cgihttpserver.html
15.12
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cgitb.html
13.5
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chunk.html
17.41
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cmath.html
32.41
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cmd.html
32.69
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code.html
28.92
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codecs.html
125.92
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codeop.html
16.42
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collections.html
150.36
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colorpicker.html
9.02
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colorsys.html
14.38
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commands.html
16.63
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compileall.html
21.18
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compiler.html
78.14
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configparser.html
73.92
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constants.html
14.68
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contextlib.html
22.91
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cookie.html
45.38
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cookielib.html
102.78
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copy.html
14.21
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copy_reg.html
15.82
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crypt.html
11.62
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crypto.html
8.35
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csv.html
82.79
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ctypes.html
280.57
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curses.ascii.html
28.97
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curses.html
200.94
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curses.panel.html
18.43
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custominterp.html
8.59
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datatypes.html
18.84
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datetime.html
261.02
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dbhash.html
18.4
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dbm.html
14.75
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debug.html
11.28
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decimal.html
239.14
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development.html
15.27
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difflib.html
96.93
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dircache.html
13.66
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dis.html
96.52
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distribution.html
8.27
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distutils.html
10.97
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dl.html
19.27
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doctest.html
193.18
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docxmlrpcserver.html
20.02
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dumbdbm.html
16.74
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dummy_thread.html
11.04
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dummy_threading.html
9.96
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easydialogs.html
38.83
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email-examples.html
47.2
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email.charset.html
32.45
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email.encoders.html
14.09
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email.errors.html
19.2
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email.generator.html
24.78
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email.header.html
31.12
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email.html
55.3
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email.iterators.html
14.22
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email.message.html
74.91
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email.mime.html
34.51
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email.parser.html
37.09
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email.utils.html
30.04
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ensurepip.html
20.21
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errno.html
52.31
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exceptions.html
73.4
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fcntl.html
27.85
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filecmp.html
26.49
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fileformats.html
10.21
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fileinput.html
29.36
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filesys.html
11.55
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fl.html
71.58
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fm.html
15
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fnmatch.html
17.78
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formatter.html
43.91
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fpectl.html
17.84
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fpformat.html
12.65
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fractions.html
27.17
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framework.html
44.24
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frameworks.html
8.11
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ftplib.html
56.56
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functions.html
216.84
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functools.html
31.06
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future_builtins.html
15.9
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gc.html
30.74
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gdbm.html
19.35
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gensuitemodule.html
14.54
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getopt.html
26.56
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getpass.html
12.5
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gettext.html
91.32
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gl.html
26.71
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glob.html
15.42
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grp.html
12.33
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gzip.html
21.95
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hashlib.html
27.4
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heapq.html
36.72
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hmac.html
15.97
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hotshot.html
22.69
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htmllib.html
29.9
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htmlparser.html
45.11
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httplib.html
78.55
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i18n.html
10.61
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ic.html
22.03
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idle.html
45.74
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imageop.html
20.94
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imaplib.html
69.9
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imgfile.html
14.91
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imghdr.html
13.43
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imp.html
41.48
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importlib.html
10.27
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imputil.html
36.11
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index.html
82.54
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inspect.html
64.31
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internet.html
26.77
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intro.html
9.76
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io.html
122.3
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ipc.html
17.18
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itertools.html
129.91
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jpeg.html
15.36
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json.html
79.09
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keyword.html
9.27
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language.html
12.35
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linecache.html
12.7
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locale.html
68.54
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logging.config.html
82.23
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logging.handlers.html
91.96
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logging.html
123.15
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mac.html
24.49
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macos.html
18.51
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macosa.html
14.55
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macostools.html
19.67
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macpath.html
9.19
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mailbox.html
185.53
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mailcap.html
15.3
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markup.html
20.37
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marshal.html
19.88
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math.html
50.52
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md5.html
16.65
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mhlib.html
30.04
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mimetools.html
23.84
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mimetypes.html
35.82
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mimewriter.html
18.19
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mimify.html
16.96
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miniaeframe.html
14.5
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misc.html
7.77
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mm.html
10.19
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mmap.html
33.52
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modulefinder.html
19.85
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modules.html
9.68
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msilib.html
72.78
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msvcrt.html
24.1
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multifile.html
28.82
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multiprocessing.html
423.97
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mutex.html
13.56
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netdata.html
19.28
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netrc.html
15.51
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new.html
16.1
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nis.html
13.19
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nntplib.html
51.08
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numbers.html
40.91
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numeric.html
14.85
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operator.html
118.32
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optparse.html
251.08
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os.html
270.49
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os.path.html
48.87
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ossaudiodev.html
49.79
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othergui.html
9.98
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parser.html
44.52
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pdb.html
41.44
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persistence.html
16.25
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pickle.html
107.94
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pickletools.html
13.21
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pipes.html
21.85
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pkgutil.html
30.59
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platform.html
40.14
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plistlib.html
20.96
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popen2.html
30.13
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poplib.html
27.93
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posix.html
17.27
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posixfile.html
23.68
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pprint.html
36.42
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profile.html
76.65
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pty.html
11.42
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pwd.html
13.53
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py_compile.html
13.33
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pyclbr.html
18.14
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pydoc.html
14.33
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pyexpat.html
93.28
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python.html
13.53
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queue.html
29.64
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quopri.html
14.5
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random.html
47.78
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re.html
163.11
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readline.html
41.2
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repr.html
24.57
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resource.html
30.86
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restricted.html
12.69
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rexec.html
43.59
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rfc822.html
51.25
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rlcompleter.html
15.29
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robotparser.html
15.01
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runpy.html
23.55
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sched.html
21.76
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scrolledtext.html
10.67
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select.html
50.17
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sets.html
39.92
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sgi.html
11.09
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sgmllib.html
38.77
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sha.html
14.55
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shelve.html
32.93
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shlex.html
38.43
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shutil.html
49.49
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signal.html
36.52
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simplehttpserver.html
21.57
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simplexmlrpcserver.html
40.41
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site.html
29
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smtpd.html
15.64
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smtplib.html
51.86
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sndhdr.html
12.05
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socket.html
126.94
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socketserver.html
81.38
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someos.html
17.09
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spwd.html
12.25
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sqlite3.html
154.12
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ssl.html
214.5
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stat.html
41.11
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statvfs.html
13.24
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stdtypes.html
309.83
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string.html
129.58
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stringio.html
21.1
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stringprep.html
21.4
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strings.html
16.42
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struct.html
47.68
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subprocess.html
117
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sun.html
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sunau.html
35.43
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sunaudio.html
21.05
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symbol.html
9.06
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symtable.html
29.03
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sys.html
118.12
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sysconfig.html
28.8
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syslog.html
21.29
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tabnanny.html
12.78
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tarfile.html
99.54
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telnetlib.html
30.46
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tempfile.html
35.02
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termios.html
19.22
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test.html
61.42
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textwrap.html
32.28
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thread.html
22.67
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threading.html
92.04
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time.html
65.55
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timeit.html
44.38
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tix.html
56.73
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tk.html
26.76
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tkinter.html
86.67
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token.html
27.31
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tokenize.html
21.69
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trace.html
33.91
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traceback.html
44.22
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ttk.html
123.83
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tty.html
10.95
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turtle.html
246.17
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types.html
33.66
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undoc.html
25.54
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unicodedata.html
22.64
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unittest.html
246.75
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unix.html
11.9
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urllib.html
71.61
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urllib2.html
128.77
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urlparse.html
49.04
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user.html
13.41
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userdict.html
32.96
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uu.html
13.25
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uuid.html
33.55
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warnings.html
51.86
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wave.html
29.08
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weakref.html
41.14
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webbrowser.html
29.53
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whichdb.html
10.44
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windows.html
10.37
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winsound.html
22.56
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wsgiref.html
94.38
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xdrlib.html
38.05
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xml.dom.html
110.39
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xml.dom.minidom.html
45.23
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xml.dom.pulldom.html
16.32
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xml.etree.elementtree.html
124.2
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xml.html
18.76
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xml.sax.handler.html
47.5
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xml.sax.html
26.04
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xml.sax.reader.html
51.4
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xml.sax.utils.html
18.11
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xmlrpclib.html
71.79
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zipfile.html
67.26
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zipimport.html
24.32
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zlib.html
34.41
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>18.14. binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="18.15. quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data" href="quopri.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="18.13. binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files" href="binhex.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/binascii.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/binascii.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="quopri.html" title="18.15. quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="binhex.html" title="18.13. binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="netdata.html" accesskey="U"><span class="section-number">18. </span>Internet Data Handling</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">18.14. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code> — Convert between binary and ASCII</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-binascii"> <span id="binascii-convert-between-binary-and-ascii"></span><h1><span class="section-number">18.14. </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code></a> — Convert between binary and ASCII<a class="headerlink" href="#module-binascii" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p id="index-0">The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code></a> module contains a number of methods to convert between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations. Normally, you will not use these functions directly but use wrapper modules like <a class="reference internal" href="uu.html#module-uu" title="uu: Encode and decode files in uuencode format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uu</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="base64.html#module-base64" title="base64: RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code></a>, or <a class="reference internal" href="binhex.html#module-binhex" title="binhex: Encode and decode files in binhex4 format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binhex</span></code></a> instead. The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code></a> module contains low-level functions written in C for greater speed that are used by the higher-level modules.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-binascii" title="binascii: Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary representations."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code></a> module defines the following functions:</p> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.a2b_uu"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">a2b_uu</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_uu" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert a single line of uuencoded data back to binary and return the binary data. Lines normally contain 45 (binary) bytes, except for the last line. Line data may be followed by whitespace.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.b2a_uu"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b2a_uu</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_uu" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert binary data to a line of ASCII characters, the return value is the converted line, including a newline char. The length of <em>data</em> should be at most 45.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.a2b_base64"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">a2b_base64</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_base64" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert a block of base64 data back to binary and return the binary data. More than one line may be passed at a time.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.b2a_base64"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b2a_base64</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_base64" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert binary data to a line of ASCII characters in base64 coding. The return value is the converted line, including a newline char. The newline is added because the original use case for this function was to feed it a series of 57 byte input lines to get output lines that conform to the MIME-base64 standard. Otherwise the output conforms to <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3548.html"><strong>RFC 3548</strong></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.a2b_qp"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">a2b_qp</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">header</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_qp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert a block of quoted-printable data back to binary and return the binary data. More than one line may be passed at a time. If the optional argument <em>header</em> is present and true, underscores will be decoded as spaces.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.b2a_qp"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b2a_qp</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">quotetabs</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">istext</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">header</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_qp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert binary data to a line(s) of ASCII characters in quoted-printable encoding. The return value is the converted line(s). If the optional argument <em>quotetabs</em> is present and true, all tabs and spaces will be encoded. If the optional argument <em>istext</em> is present and true, newlines are not encoded but trailing whitespace will be encoded. If the optional argument <em>header</em> is present and true, spaces will be encoded as underscores per RFC1522. If the optional argument <em>header</em> is present and false, newline characters will be encoded as well; otherwise linefeed conversion might corrupt the binary data stream.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.a2b_hqx"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">a2b_hqx</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">string</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_hqx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Convert binhex4 formatted ASCII data to binary, without doing RLE-decompression. The string should contain a complete number of binary bytes, or (in case of the last portion of the binhex4 data) have the remaining bits zero.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.rledecode_hqx"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">rledecode_hqx</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.rledecode_hqx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Perform RLE-decompression on the data, as per the binhex4 standard. The algorithm uses <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x90</span></code> after a byte as a repeat indicator, followed by a count. A count of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> specifies a byte value of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0x90</span></code>. The routine returns the decompressed data, unless data input data ends in an orphaned repeat indicator, in which case the <a class="reference internal" href="#binascii.Incomplete" title="binascii.Incomplete"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Incomplete</span></code></a> exception is raised.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.rlecode_hqx"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">rlecode_hqx</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.rlecode_hqx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Perform binhex4 style RLE-compression on <em>data</em> and return the result.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.b2a_hqx"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b2a_hqx</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_hqx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Perform hexbin4 binary-to-ASCII translation and return the resulting string. The argument should already be RLE-coded, and have a length divisible by 3 (except possibly the last fragment).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.crc_hqx"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">crc_hqx</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">crc</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.crc_hqx" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Compute a 16-bit CRC value of <em>data</em>, starting with an initial <em>crc</em> and returning the result. This uses the CRC-CCITT polynomial <em>x</em><sup>16</sup> + <em>x</em><sup>12</sup> + <em>x</em><sup>5</sup> + 1, often represented as 0x1021. This CRC is used in the binhex4 format.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.crc32"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">crc32</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">crc</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.crc32" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Compute CRC-32, the 32-bit checksum of data, starting with an initial crc. This is consistent with the ZIP file checksum. Since the algorithm is designed for use as a checksum algorithm, it is not suitable for use as a general hash algorithm. Use as follows:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="nb">print</span> <span class="n">binascii</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crc32</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"hello world"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Or, in two pieces:</span> <span class="n">crc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">binascii</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crc32</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">"hello"</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">crc</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">binascii</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">crc32</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s2">" world"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">crc</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">&</span> <span class="mh">0xffffffff</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s1">'crc32 = 0x</span><span class="si">%08x</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">crc</span> </pre></div> </div> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>To generate the same numeric value across all Python versions and platforms use crc32(data) & 0xffffffff. If you are only using the checksum in packed binary format this is not necessary as the return value is the correct 32bit binary representation regardless of sign.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.6: </span>The return value is in the range [-2**31, 2**31-1] regardless of platform. In the past the value would be signed on some platforms and unsigned on others. Use & 0xffffffff on the value if you want it to match Python 3 behavior.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 3.0: </span>The return value is unsigned and in the range [0, 2**32-1] regardless of platform.</p> </div> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.b2a_hex"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">b2a_hex</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.b2a_hex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.hexlify"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">hexlify</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">data</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.hexlify" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the hexadecimal representation of the binary <em>data</em>. Every byte of <em>data</em> is converted into the corresponding 2-digit hex representation. The resulting string is therefore twice as long as the length of <em>data</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.a2b_hex"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">a2b_hex</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hexstr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.a2b_hex" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.unhexlify"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">unhexlify</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">hexstr</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.unhexlify" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the binary data represented by the hexadecimal string <em>hexstr</em>. This function is the inverse of <a class="reference internal" href="#binascii.b2a_hex" title="binascii.b2a_hex"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">b2a_hex()</span></code></a>. <em>hexstr</em> must contain an even number of hexadecimal digits (which can be upper or lower case), otherwise a <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">TypeError</span></code> is raised.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py exception"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.Error"> <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Error</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.Error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised on errors. These are usually programming errors.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py exception"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="binascii.Incomplete"> <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">binascii.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Incomplete</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#binascii.Incomplete" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised on incomplete data. These are usually not programming errors, but may be handled by reading a little more data and trying again.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="simple"> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="base64.html#module-base64" title="base64: RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">base64</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Support for RFC compliant base64-style encoding in base 16, 32, and 64.</p> </dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="binhex.html#module-binhex" title="binhex: Encode and decode files in binhex4 format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binhex</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Support for the binhex format used on the Macintosh.</p> </dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="uu.html#module-uu" title="uu: Encode and decode files in uuencode format."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">uu</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Support for UU encoding used on Unix.</p> </dd> <dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="quopri.html#module-quopri" title="quopri: Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quopri</span></code></a></dt><dd><p>Support for quoted-printable encoding used in MIME email messages.</p> </dd> </dl> </div> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="binhex.html" title="previous chapter"><span class="section-number">18.13. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binhex</span></code> — Encode and decode binhex4 files</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="quopri.html" title="next chapter"><span class="section-number">18.15. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">quopri</span></code> — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/binascii.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> </div> <script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="quopri.html" title="18.15. quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="binhex.html" title="18.13. binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="netdata.html" ><span class="section-number">18. </span>Internet Data Handling</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">18.14. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">binascii</span></code> — Convert between binary and ASCII</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2024, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on December 09, 2024. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2. </div> </body> </html>
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