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Code Editor : rfc822.html

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 <section id="module-rfc822">
<h1>18.11. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-rfc822" title="rfc822: Parse 2822 style mail messages. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">rfc822</code></a> — Parse RFC 2822 mail headers<a class="headerlink" href="#module-rfc822" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="deprecated">
Deprecated since version 2.3: The <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">email</code></a> package should be used in preference to the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-rfc822" title="rfc822: Parse 2822 style mail messages. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">rfc822</code></a>
module. This module is present only to maintain backward compatibility, and
has been removed in Python 3.
</div>
This module defines a class, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Message</code></a>, which represents an “email
message” as defined by the Internet standard <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a>. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id4" id="id1">1</a> Such messages
consist of a collection of message headers, and a message body. This module
also defines a helper class <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">AddressList</code></a> for parsing <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a>
addresses. Please refer to the RFC for information on the specific syntax of
<a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a> messages.
The <a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#module-mailbox" title="mailbox: Manipulate mailboxes in various formats"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">mailbox</code></a> module provides classes to read mailboxes produced by
various end-user mail programs.
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message">
class rfc822.Message(file[, seekable])<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>A <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Message</code></a> instance is instantiated with an input object as parameter.
Message relies only on the input object having a <a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">readline()</code></a> method; in
particular, ordinary file objects qualify. Instantiation reads headers from the
input object up to a delimiter line (normally a blank line) and stores them in
the instance. The message body, following the headers, is not consumed.
This class can work with any input object that supports a <a class="reference internal" href="readline.html#module-readline" title="readline: GNU readline support for Python. (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">readline()</code></a>
method. If the input object has seek and tell capability, the
<a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.rewindbody" title="rfc822.Message.rewindbody"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">rewindbody()</code></a> method will work; also, illegal lines will be pushed back
onto the input stream. If the input object lacks seek but has an <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">unread()</code>
method that can push back a line of input, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Message</code></a> will use that to
push back illegal lines. Thus this class can be used to parse messages coming
from a buffered stream.
The optional seekable argument is provided as a workaround for certain stdio
libraries in which <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">tell()</code> discards buffered data before discovering that
the <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">lseek()</code> system call doesn’t work. For maximum portability, you
should set the seekable argument to zero to prevent that initial <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">tell()</code>
when passing in an unseekable object such as a file object created from a socket
object.
Input lines as read from the file may either be terminated by CR-LF or by a
single linefeed; a terminating CR-LF is replaced by a single linefeed before the
line is stored.
All header matching is done independent of upper or lower case; e.g.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">m['From']</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m['from']</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m['FROM']</code> all yield the same result.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.AddressList">
class rfc822.AddressList(field)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>You may instantiate the <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">AddressList</code></a> helper class using a single string
parameter, a comma-separated list of <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a> addresses to be parsed. (The
parameter <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code> yields an empty list.)
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.quote">
rfc822.quote(str)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.quote" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a new string with backslashes in str replaced by two backslashes and
double quotes replaced by backslash-double quote.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.unquote">
rfc822.unquote(str)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.unquote" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a new string which is an unquoted version of str. If str ends and
begins with double quotes, they are stripped off. Likewise if str ends and
begins with angle brackets, they are stripped off.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.parseaddr">
rfc822.parseaddr(address)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.parseaddr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Parse address, which should be the value of some address-containing field such
as To or Cc, into its constituent “realname” and
“email address” parts. Returns a tuple of that information, unless the parse
fails, in which case a 2-tuple <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(None, None)</code> is returned.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.dump_address_pair">
rfc822.dump_address_pair(pair)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.dump_address_pair" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The inverse of <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parseaddr" title="rfc822.parseaddr"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">parseaddr()</code></a>, this takes a 2-tuple of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(realname,
email_address)</code> and returns the string value suitable for a To or
Cc header. If the first element of pair is false, then the
second element is returned unmodified.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.parsedate">
rfc822.parsedate(date)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.parsedate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Attempts to parse a date according to the rules in <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a>. however, some
mailers don’t follow that format as specified, so <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parsedate" title="rfc822.parsedate"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">parsedate()</code></a> tries to
guess correctly in such cases. date is a string containing an <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a>
date, such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'Mon, 20 Nov 1995 19:12:08 -0500'</code>. If it succeeds in parsing
the date, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parsedate" title="rfc822.parsedate"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">parsedate()</code></a> returns a 9-tuple that can be passed directly to
<a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.mktime()</code></a>; otherwise <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code> will be returned. Note that indexes 6,
7, and 8 of the result tuple are not usable.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.parsedate_tz">
rfc822.parsedate_tz(date)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.parsedate_tz" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Performs the same function as <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parsedate" title="rfc822.parsedate"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">parsedate()</code></a>, but returns either <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code> or
a 10-tuple; the first 9 elements make up a tuple that can be passed directly to
<a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.mktime()</code></a>, and the tenth is the offset of the date’s timezone from UTC
(which is the official term for Greenwich Mean Time). (Note that the sign of
the timezone offset is the opposite of the sign of the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">time.timezone</code>
variable for the same timezone; the latter variable follows the POSIX standard
while this module follows <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a>.) If the input string has no timezone,
the last element of the tuple returned is <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code>. Note that indexes 6, 7, and
8 of the result tuple are not usable.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.mktime_tz">
rfc822.mktime_tz(tuple)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.mktime_tz" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Turn a 10-tuple as returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.parsedate_tz" title="rfc822.parsedate_tz"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">parsedate_tz()</code></a> into a UTC timestamp. If
the timezone item in the tuple is <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code>, assume local time. Minor
deficiency: this first interprets the first 8 elements as a local time and then
compensates for the timezone difference; this may yield a slight error around
daylight savings time switch dates. Not enough to worry about for common use.
</dd></dl>

<div class="admonition seealso">
See also
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="email.html#module-email" title="email: Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating email messages, including MIME documents."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">email</code></a></dt><dd>Comprehensive email handling package; supersedes the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-rfc822" title="rfc822: Parse 2822 style mail messages. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">rfc822</code></a> module.
</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="mailbox.html#module-mailbox" title="mailbox: Manipulate mailboxes in various formats"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">mailbox</code></a></dt><dd>Classes to read various mailbox formats produced by end-user mail programs.
</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="mimetools.html#module-mimetools" title="mimetools: Tools for parsing MIME-style message bodies. (deprecated)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">mimetools</code></a></dt><dd>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">rfc822.Message</code></a> that handles MIME encoded messages.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<section id="message-objects">
<h2>18.11.1. Message Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#message-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
A <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Message</code></a> instance has the following methods:
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.rewindbody">
Message.rewindbody()<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.rewindbody" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Seek to the start of the message body. This only works if the file object is
seekable.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.isheader">
Message.isheader(line)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.isheader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Returns a line’s canonicalized fieldname (the dictionary key that will be used
to index it) if the line is a legal <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a> header; otherwise returns
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code> (implying that parsing should stop here and the line be pushed back on
the input stream). It is sometimes useful to override this method in a
subclass.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.islast">
Message.islast(line)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.islast" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return true if the given line is a delimiter on which Message should stop. The
delimiter line is consumed, and the file object’s read location positioned
immediately after it. By default this method just checks that the line is
blank, but you can override it in a subclass.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.iscomment">
Message.iscomment(line)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.iscomment" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">True</code> if the given line should be ignored entirely, just skipped. By
default this is a stub that always returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate">False</code>, but you can override it in
a subclass.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.getallmatchingheaders">
Message.getallmatchingheaders(name)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getallmatchingheaders" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a list of lines consisting of all headers matching name, if any. Each
physical line, whether it is a continuation line or not, is a separate list
item. Return the empty list if no header matches name.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.getfirstmatchingheader">
Message.getfirstmatchingheader(name)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getfirstmatchingheader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a list of lines comprising the first header matching name, and its
continuation line(s), if any. Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code> if there is no header matching
name.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.getrawheader">
Message.getrawheader(name)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getrawheader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a single string consisting of the text after the colon in the first
header matching name. This includes leading whitespace, the trailing
linefeed, and internal linefeeds and whitespace if there any continuation
line(s) were present. Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code> if there is no header matching name.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.getheader">
Message.getheader(name[, default])<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getheader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a single string consisting of the last header matching name,
but strip leading and trailing whitespace.
Internal whitespace is not stripped. The optional default argument can be
used to specify a different default to be returned when there is no header
matching name; it defaults to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code>.
This is the preferred way to get parsed headers.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.get">
Message.get(name[, default])<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.get" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>An alias for <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.getheader" title="rfc822.Message.getheader"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">getheader()</code></a>, to make the interface more compatible with
regular dictionaries.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.getaddr">
Message.getaddr(name)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getaddr" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a pair <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(full name, email address)</code> parsed from the string returned by
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">getheader(name)</code>. If no header matching name exists, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(None,
None)</code>; otherwise both the full name and the address are (possibly empty)
strings.
Example: If m’s first From header contains the string
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">'jack&#64;cwi.nl (Jack Jansen)'</code>, then <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m.getaddr('From')</code> will yield the pair
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">('Jack Jansen', 'jack&#64;cwi.nl')</code>. If the header contained <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'Jack Jansen
&lt;jack&#64;cwi.nl&gt;'</code> instead, it would yield the exact same result.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.getaddrlist">
Message.getaddrlist(name)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getaddrlist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This is similar to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">getaddr(list)</code>, but parses a header containing a list of
email addresses (e.g. a To header) and returns a list of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(full
name, email address)</code> pairs (even if there was only one address in the header).
If there is no header matching name, return an empty list.
If multiple headers exist that match the named header (e.g. if there are several
Cc headers), all are parsed for addresses. Any continuation lines
the named headers contain are also parsed.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.getdate">
Message.getdate(name)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getdate" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Retrieve a header using <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.getheader" title="rfc822.Message.getheader"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">getheader()</code></a> and parse it into a 9-tuple compatible
with <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.mktime()</code></a>; note that fields 6, 7, and 8 are not usable. If
there is no header matching name, or it is unparsable, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code>.
Date parsing appears to be a black art, and not all mailers adhere to the
standard. While it has been tested and found correct on a large collection of
email from many sources, it is still possible that this function may
occasionally yield an incorrect result.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.getdate_tz">
Message.getdate_tz(name)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.getdate_tz" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Retrieve a header using <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.getheader" title="rfc822.Message.getheader"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">getheader()</code></a> and parse it into a 10-tuple; the
first 9 elements will make a tuple compatible with <a class="reference internal" href="time.html#time.mktime" title="time.mktime"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">time.mktime()</code></a>, and the
10th is a number giving the offset of the date’s timezone from UTC. Note that
fields 6, 7, and 8 are not usable. Similarly to <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message.getdate" title="rfc822.Message.getdate"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">getdate()</code></a>, if there is
no header matching name, or it is unparsable, return <code class="docutils literal notranslate">None</code>.
</dd></dl>

<a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Message</code></a> instances also support a limited mapping interface. In
particular: <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m[name]</code> is like <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m.getheader(name)</code> but raises <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">KeyError</code>
if there is no matching header; and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">len(m)</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m.get(name[, default])</code>,
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">name in m</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m.keys()</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m.values()</code> <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m.items()</code>, and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">m.setdefault(name[, default])</code> act as expected, with the one difference
that <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">setdefault()</code> uses an empty string as the default value.
<a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Message</code></a> instances also support the mapping writable interface <code class="docutils literal notranslate">m[name]
= value</code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">del m[name]</code>. <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Message</code></a> objects do not support the
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">clear()</code>, <a class="reference internal" href="copy.html#module-copy" title="copy: Shallow and deep copy operations."><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">copy()</code></a>, <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">popitem()</code>, or <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">update()</code> methods of the
mapping interface. (Support for <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">get()</code> and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">setdefault()</code> was only
added in Python 2.2.)
Finally, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.Message" title="rfc822.Message"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">Message</code></a> instances have some public instance variables:
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.headers">
Message.headers<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.headers" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>A list containing the entire set of header lines, in the order in which they
were read (except that setitem calls may disturb this order). Each line contains
a trailing newline. The blank line terminating the headers is not contained in
the list.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.fp">
Message.fp<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.fp" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The file or file-like object passed at instantiation time. This can be used to
read the message content.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.Message.unixfrom">
Message.unixfrom<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.Message.unixfrom" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The Unix <code class="docutils literal notranslate">From</code> line, if the message had one, or an empty string. This is
needed to regenerate the message in some contexts, such as an <code class="docutils literal notranslate">mbox</code>-style
mailbox file.
</dd></dl>

</section>
<section id="addresslist-objects">
<h2>18.11.2. AddressList Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#addresslist-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
An <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">AddressList</code></a> instance has the following methods:
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.AddressList.__len__">
AddressList.__len__()<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__len__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the number of addresses in the address list.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.AddressList.__str__">
AddressList.__str__()<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__str__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a canonicalized string representation of the address list. Addresses are
rendered in “name” &lt;<a class="reference external" href="mailto:host&#37;&#52;&#48;domain">host&#64;domain</a>&gt; form, comma-separated.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.AddressList.__add__">
AddressList.__add__(alist)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__add__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">AddressList</code></a> instance that contains all addresses in both
<a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">AddressList</code></a> operands, with duplicates removed (set union).
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.AddressList.__iadd__">
AddressList.__iadd__(alist)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__iadd__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>In-place version of <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__add__" title="rfc822.AddressList.__add__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">__add__()</code></a>; turns this <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">AddressList</code></a> instance
into the union of itself and the right-hand instance, alist.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.AddressList.__sub__">
AddressList.__sub__(alist)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__sub__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a new <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">AddressList</code></a> instance that contains every address in the
left-hand <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">AddressList</code></a> operand that is not present in the right-hand
address operand (set difference).
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.AddressList.__isub__">
AddressList.__isub__(alist)<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__isub__" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>In-place version of <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList.__sub__" title="rfc822.AddressList.__sub__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">__sub__()</code></a>, removing addresses in this list which are
also in alist.
</dd></dl>

Finally, <a class="reference internal" href="#rfc822.AddressList" title="rfc822.AddressList"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">AddressList</code></a> instances have one public instance variable:
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="rfc822.AddressList.addresslist">
AddressList.addresslist<a class="headerlink" href="#rfc822.AddressList.addresslist" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>A list of tuple string pairs, one per address. In each member, the first is the
canonicalized name part, the second is the actual route-address (<code class="docutils literal notranslate">'&#64;'</code>-separated username-host.domain pair).
</dd></dl>

Footnotes
<dl class="footnote brackets">
<dt class="label" id="id4"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a></dt>
<dd>This module originally conformed to <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a>, hence the name. Since then,
<a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a> has been released as an update to <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a>. This module should be
considered <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc2822.html">RFC 2822</a>-conformant, especially in cases where the syntax or
semantics have changed since <a class="rfc reference external" href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc822.html">RFC 822</a>.
</dd>
</dl>
</section>
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