Linux cpanel.rrshost.in 5.15.0-25-generic #25-Ubuntu SMP Wed Mar 30 15:54:22 UTC 2022 x86_64
Apache
: 109.123.238.221 | : 172.69.17.15
128 Domain
8.2.28
aev999
Terminal
AUTO ROOT
Adminer
Backdoor Destroyer
Linux Exploit
Lock Shell
Lock File
Create User
CREATE RDP
PHP Mailer
BACKCONNECT
HASH IDENTIFIER
README
+ Create Folder
+ Create File
/
usr /
share /
doc /
python2.7 /
html /
library /
[ HOME SHELL ]
Name
Size
Permission
Action
2to3.html
63.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
__builtin__.html
11.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
__future__.html
15.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
__main__.html
8.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
_winreg.html
73.99
KB
-rw-r--r--
abc.html
26.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
aepack.html
15.47
KB
-rw-r--r--
aetools.html
18.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
aetypes.html
27.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
aifc.html
29.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
al.html
22.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
allos.html
35.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
anydbm.html
19.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
archiving.html
10.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
argparse.html
269.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
array.html
35.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
ast.html
42.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
asynchat.html
35.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
asyncore.html
43.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
atexit.html
19.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
audioop.html
41.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
autogil.html
9.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
base64.html
24.8
KB
-rw-r--r--
basehttpserver.html
40.6
KB
-rw-r--r--
bastion.html
13.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
bdb.html
50.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
binascii.html
26.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
binhex.html
12.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
bisect.html
28.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
bsddb.html
32.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
bz2.html
31.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
calendar.html
50.16
KB
-rw-r--r--
carbon.html
54.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
cd.html
35.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
cgi.html
58.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
cgihttpserver.html
15.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
cgitb.html
13.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
chunk.html
17.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
cmath.html
32.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
cmd.html
32.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
code.html
28.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
codecs.html
125.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
codeop.html
16.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
collections.html
150.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
colorpicker.html
9.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
colorsys.html
14.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
commands.html
16.63
KB
-rw-r--r--
compileall.html
21.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
compiler.html
78.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
configparser.html
73.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
constants.html
14.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
contextlib.html
22.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
cookie.html
45.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
cookielib.html
102.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
copy.html
14.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
copy_reg.html
15.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
crypt.html
11.62
KB
-rw-r--r--
crypto.html
8.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
csv.html
82.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
ctypes.html
280.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
curses.ascii.html
28.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
curses.html
200.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
curses.panel.html
18.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
custominterp.html
8.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
datatypes.html
18.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
datetime.html
261.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
dbhash.html
18.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
dbm.html
14.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
debug.html
11.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
decimal.html
239.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
development.html
15.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
difflib.html
96.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
dircache.html
13.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
dis.html
96.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
distribution.html
8.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
distutils.html
10.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
dl.html
19.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
doctest.html
193.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
docxmlrpcserver.html
20.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
dumbdbm.html
16.74
KB
-rw-r--r--
dummy_thread.html
11.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
dummy_threading.html
9.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
easydialogs.html
38.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
email-examples.html
47.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.charset.html
32.45
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.encoders.html
14.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.errors.html
19.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.generator.html
24.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.header.html
31.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.html
55.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.iterators.html
14.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.message.html
74.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.mime.html
34.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.parser.html
37.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
email.utils.html
30.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
ensurepip.html
20.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
errno.html
52.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
exceptions.html
73.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
fcntl.html
27.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
filecmp.html
26.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
fileformats.html
10.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
fileinput.html
29.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
filesys.html
11.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
fl.html
71.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
fm.html
15
KB
-rw-r--r--
fnmatch.html
17.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
formatter.html
43.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
fpectl.html
17.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
fpformat.html
12.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
fractions.html
27.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
framework.html
44.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
frameworks.html
8.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
ftplib.html
56.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
functions.html
216.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
functools.html
31.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
future_builtins.html
15.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
gc.html
30.74
KB
-rw-r--r--
gdbm.html
19.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
gensuitemodule.html
14.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
getopt.html
26.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
getpass.html
12.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
gettext.html
91.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
gl.html
26.71
KB
-rw-r--r--
glob.html
15.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
grp.html
12.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
gzip.html
21.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
hashlib.html
27.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
heapq.html
36.72
KB
-rw-r--r--
hmac.html
15.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
hotshot.html
22.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
htmllib.html
29.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
htmlparser.html
45.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
httplib.html
78.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
i18n.html
10.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
ic.html
22.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
idle.html
45.74
KB
-rw-r--r--
imageop.html
20.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
imaplib.html
69.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
imgfile.html
14.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
imghdr.html
13.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
imp.html
41.48
KB
-rw-r--r--
importlib.html
10.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
imputil.html
36.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
index.html
82.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
inspect.html
64.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
internet.html
26.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
intro.html
9.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
io.html
122.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
ipc.html
17.18
KB
-rw-r--r--
itertools.html
129.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
jpeg.html
15.36
KB
-rw-r--r--
json.html
79.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
keyword.html
9.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
language.html
12.35
KB
-rw-r--r--
linecache.html
12.7
KB
-rw-r--r--
locale.html
68.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
logging.config.html
82.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
logging.handlers.html
91.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
logging.html
123.15
KB
-rw-r--r--
mac.html
24.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
macos.html
18.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
macosa.html
14.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
macostools.html
19.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
macpath.html
9.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
mailbox.html
185.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
mailcap.html
15.3
KB
-rw-r--r--
markup.html
20.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
marshal.html
19.88
KB
-rw-r--r--
math.html
50.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
md5.html
16.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
mhlib.html
30.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimetools.html
23.84
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimetypes.html
35.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimewriter.html
18.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
mimify.html
16.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
miniaeframe.html
14.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
misc.html
7.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
mm.html
10.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
mmap.html
33.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
modulefinder.html
19.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
modules.html
9.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
msilib.html
72.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
msvcrt.html
24.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
multifile.html
28.82
KB
-rw-r--r--
multiprocessing.html
423.97
KB
-rw-r--r--
mutex.html
13.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
netdata.html
19.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
netrc.html
15.51
KB
-rw-r--r--
new.html
16.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
nis.html
13.19
KB
-rw-r--r--
nntplib.html
51.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
numbers.html
40.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
numeric.html
14.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
operator.html
118.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
optparse.html
251.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
os.html
270.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
os.path.html
48.87
KB
-rw-r--r--
ossaudiodev.html
49.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
othergui.html
9.98
KB
-rw-r--r--
parser.html
44.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
pdb.html
41.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
persistence.html
16.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
pickle.html
107.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
pickletools.html
13.21
KB
-rw-r--r--
pipes.html
21.85
KB
-rw-r--r--
pkgutil.html
30.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
platform.html
40.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
plistlib.html
20.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
popen2.html
30.13
KB
-rw-r--r--
poplib.html
27.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
posix.html
17.27
KB
-rw-r--r--
posixfile.html
23.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
pprint.html
36.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
profile.html
76.65
KB
-rw-r--r--
pty.html
11.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
pwd.html
13.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
py_compile.html
13.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
pyclbr.html
18.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
pydoc.html
14.33
KB
-rw-r--r--
pyexpat.html
93.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
python.html
13.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
queue.html
29.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
quopri.html
14.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
random.html
47.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
re.html
163.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
readline.html
41.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
repr.html
24.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
resource.html
30.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
restricted.html
12.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
rexec.html
43.59
KB
-rw-r--r--
rfc822.html
51.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
rlcompleter.html
15.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
robotparser.html
15.01
KB
-rw-r--r--
runpy.html
23.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
sched.html
21.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
scrolledtext.html
10.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
select.html
50.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
sets.html
39.92
KB
-rw-r--r--
sgi.html
11.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
sgmllib.html
38.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
sha.html
14.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
shelve.html
32.93
KB
-rw-r--r--
shlex.html
38.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
shutil.html
49.49
KB
-rw-r--r--
signal.html
36.52
KB
-rw-r--r--
simplehttpserver.html
21.57
KB
-rw-r--r--
simplexmlrpcserver.html
40.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
site.html
29
KB
-rw-r--r--
smtpd.html
15.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
smtplib.html
51.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
sndhdr.html
12.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
socket.html
126.94
KB
-rw-r--r--
socketserver.html
81.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
someos.html
17.09
KB
-rw-r--r--
spwd.html
12.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
sqlite3.html
154.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
ssl.html
214.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
stat.html
41.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
statvfs.html
13.24
KB
-rw-r--r--
stdtypes.html
309.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
string.html
129.58
KB
-rw-r--r--
stringio.html
21.1
KB
-rw-r--r--
stringprep.html
21.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
strings.html
16.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
struct.html
47.68
KB
-rw-r--r--
subprocess.html
117
KB
-rw-r--r--
sun.html
7.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
sunau.html
35.43
KB
-rw-r--r--
sunaudio.html
21.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
symbol.html
9.06
KB
-rw-r--r--
symtable.html
29.03
KB
-rw-r--r--
sys.html
118.12
KB
-rw-r--r--
sysconfig.html
28.8
KB
-rw-r--r--
syslog.html
21.29
KB
-rw-r--r--
tabnanny.html
12.78
KB
-rw-r--r--
tarfile.html
99.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
telnetlib.html
30.46
KB
-rw-r--r--
tempfile.html
35.02
KB
-rw-r--r--
termios.html
19.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
test.html
61.42
KB
-rw-r--r--
textwrap.html
32.28
KB
-rw-r--r--
thread.html
22.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
threading.html
92.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
time.html
65.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
timeit.html
44.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
tix.html
56.73
KB
-rw-r--r--
tk.html
26.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
tkinter.html
86.67
KB
-rw-r--r--
token.html
27.31
KB
-rw-r--r--
tokenize.html
21.69
KB
-rw-r--r--
trace.html
33.91
KB
-rw-r--r--
traceback.html
44.22
KB
-rw-r--r--
ttk.html
123.83
KB
-rw-r--r--
tty.html
10.95
KB
-rw-r--r--
turtle.html
246.17
KB
-rw-r--r--
types.html
33.66
KB
-rw-r--r--
undoc.html
25.54
KB
-rw-r--r--
unicodedata.html
22.64
KB
-rw-r--r--
unittest.html
246.75
KB
-rw-r--r--
unix.html
11.9
KB
-rw-r--r--
urllib.html
71.61
KB
-rw-r--r--
urllib2.html
128.77
KB
-rw-r--r--
urlparse.html
49.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
user.html
13.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
userdict.html
32.96
KB
-rw-r--r--
uu.html
13.25
KB
-rw-r--r--
uuid.html
33.55
KB
-rw-r--r--
warnings.html
51.86
KB
-rw-r--r--
wave.html
29.08
KB
-rw-r--r--
weakref.html
41.14
KB
-rw-r--r--
webbrowser.html
29.53
KB
-rw-r--r--
whichdb.html
10.44
KB
-rw-r--r--
windows.html
10.37
KB
-rw-r--r--
winsound.html
22.56
KB
-rw-r--r--
wsgiref.html
94.38
KB
-rw-r--r--
xdrlib.html
38.05
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.html
110.39
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.minidom.html
45.23
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.dom.pulldom.html
16.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.etree.elementtree.html
124.2
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.html
18.76
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.handler.html
47.5
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.html
26.04
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.reader.html
51.4
KB
-rw-r--r--
xml.sax.utils.html
18.11
KB
-rw-r--r--
xmlrpclib.html
71.79
KB
-rw-r--r--
zipfile.html
67.26
KB
-rw-r--r--
zipimport.html
24.32
KB
-rw-r--r--
zlib.html
34.41
KB
-rw-r--r--
Delete
Unzip
Zip
${this.title}
Close
Code Editor : posix.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>36.1. posix — The most common POSIX system calls — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="36.2. pwd — The password database" href="pwd.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="36. Unix Specific Services" href="unix.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/posix.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/posix.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="pwd.html" title="36.2. pwd — The password database" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="unix.html" title="36. Unix Specific Services" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="unix.html" accesskey="U"><span class="section-number">36. </span>Unix Specific Services</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">36.1. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code> — The most common POSIX system calls</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-posix"> <span id="posix-the-most-common-posix-system-calls"></span><h1><span class="section-number">36.1. </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-posix" title="posix: The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code></a> — The most common POSIX system calls<a class="headerlink" href="#module-posix" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>This module provides access to operating system functionality that is standardized by the C Standard and the POSIX standard (a thinly disguised Unix interface).</p> <p id="index-0"><strong>Do not import this module directly.</strong> Instead, import the module <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a>, which provides a <em>portable</em> version of this interface. On Unix, the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> module provides a superset of the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-posix" title="posix: The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code></a> interface. On non-Unix operating systems the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-posix" title="posix: The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code></a> module is not available, but a subset is always available through the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> interface. Once <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> is imported, there is <em>no</em> performance penalty in using it instead of <a class="reference internal" href="#module-posix" title="posix: The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code></a>. In addition, <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> provides some additional functionality, such as automatically calling <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.putenv" title="os.putenv"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">putenv()</span></code></a> when an entry in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.environ</span></code> is changed.</p> <p>Errors are reported as exceptions; the usual exceptions are given for type errors, while errors reported by the system calls raise <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">OSError</span></code>.</p> <section id="large-file-support"> <span id="posix-large-files"></span><h2><span class="section-number">36.1.1. </span>Large File Support<a class="headerlink" href="#large-file-support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p id="index-1">Several operating systems (including AIX, HP-UX, Irix and Solaris) provide support for files that are larger than 2 GB from a C programming model where <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">int</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">long</span></code> are 32-bit values. This is typically accomplished by defining the relevant size and offset types as 64-bit values. Such files are sometimes referred to as <em class="dfn">large files</em>.</p> <p>Large file support is enabled in Python when the size of an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">off_t</span></code> is larger than a <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">long</span></code> and the <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">long</span> <span class="pre">long</span></code> type is available and is at least as large as an <code class="xref c c-type docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">off_t</span></code>. Python longs are then used to represent file sizes, offsets and other values that can exceed the range of a Python int. It may be necessary to configure and compile Python with certain compiler flags to enable this mode. For example, it is enabled by default with recent versions of Irix, but with Solaris 2.6 and 2.7 you need to do something like:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"`getconf LFS_CFLAGS`"</span> <span class="n">OPT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"-g -O2 $CFLAGS"</span> \ <span class="o">./</span><span class="n">configure</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>On large-file-capable Linux systems, this might work:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">CFLAGS</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s1">'-D_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64'</span> <span class="n">OPT</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">"-g -O2 $CFLAGS"</span> \ <span class="o">./</span><span class="n">configure</span> </pre></div> </div> </section> <section id="notable-module-contents"> <span id="posix-contents"></span><h2><span class="section-number">36.1.2. </span>Notable Module Contents<a class="headerlink" href="#notable-module-contents" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>In addition to many functions described in the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> module documentation, <a class="reference internal" href="#module-posix" title="posix: The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code></a> defines the following data item:</p> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="posix.environ"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">posix.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">environ</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#posix.environ" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>A dictionary representing the string environment at the time the interpreter was started. For example, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">environ['HOME']</span></code> is the pathname of your home directory, equivalent to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">getenv("HOME")</span></code> in C.</p> <p>Modifying this dictionary does not affect the string environment passed on by <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.execv" title="os.execv"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execv()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.popen" title="os.popen"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.system" title="os.system"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">system()</span></code></a>; if you need to change the environment, pass <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">environ</span></code> to <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.execve" title="os.execve"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">execve()</span></code></a> or add variable assignments and export statements to the command string for <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.system" title="os.system"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">system()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.popen" title="os.popen"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">popen()</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> module provides an alternate implementation of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">environ</span></code> which updates the environment on modification. Note also that updating <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.environ</span></code> will render this dictionary obsolete. Use of the <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#module-os" title="os: Miscellaneous operating system interfaces."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a> module version of this is recommended over direct access to the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-posix" title="posix: The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). (Unix)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code></a> module.</p> </div> </dd></dl> </section> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">36.1. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code> — The most common POSIX system calls</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#large-file-support">36.1.1. Large File Support</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#notable-module-contents">36.1.2. Notable Module Contents</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="unix.html" title="previous chapter"><span class="section-number">36. </span>Unix Specific Services</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="pwd.html" title="next chapter"><span class="section-number">36.2. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pwd</span></code> — The password database</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/posix.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> </div> <script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="pwd.html" title="36.2. pwd — The password database" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="unix.html" title="36. Unix Specific Services" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="unix.html" ><span class="section-number">36. </span>Unix Specific Services</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">36.1. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">posix</span></code> — The most common POSIX system calls</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="footer"> © <a href="../copyright.html">Copyright</a> 1990-2024, Python Software Foundation. <br /> The Python Software Foundation is a non-profit corporation. <a href="https://www.python.org/psf/donations/">Please donate.</a> <br /> Last updated on December 09, 2024. <a href="../bugs.html">Found a bug</a>? <br /> Created using <a href="http://sphinx.pocoo.org/">Sphinx</a> 4.3.2. </div> </body> </html>
Close