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Name
Size
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2to3.html
63.71
KB
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__builtin__.html
11.79
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__future__.html
15.58
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__main__.html
8.33
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_winreg.html
73.99
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abc.html
26.82
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aepack.html
15.47
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aetools.html
18.79
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aetypes.html
27.08
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aifc.html
29.59
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al.html
22.13
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allos.html
35.48
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anydbm.html
19.31
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archiving.html
10.64
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argparse.html
269.59
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array.html
35.35
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ast.html
42.42
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asynchat.html
35.84
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asyncore.html
43.22
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atexit.html
19.23
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audioop.html
41.32
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autogil.html
9.77
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base64.html
24.8
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basehttpserver.html
40.6
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bastion.html
13.02
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bdb.html
50.06
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binascii.html
26.64
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binhex.html
12.66
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bisect.html
28.52
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bsddb.html
32.02
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bz2.html
31.92
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calendar.html
50.16
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carbon.html
54.14
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cd.html
35.24
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cgi.html
58.4
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cgihttpserver.html
15.12
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cgitb.html
13.5
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chunk.html
17.41
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cmath.html
32.41
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cmd.html
32.69
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code.html
28.92
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codecs.html
125.92
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codeop.html
16.42
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collections.html
150.36
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colorpicker.html
9.02
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colorsys.html
14.38
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commands.html
16.63
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compileall.html
21.18
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compiler.html
78.14
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configparser.html
73.92
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constants.html
14.68
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contextlib.html
22.91
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cookie.html
45.38
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cookielib.html
102.78
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copy.html
14.21
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copy_reg.html
15.82
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crypt.html
11.62
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crypto.html
8.35
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csv.html
82.79
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ctypes.html
280.57
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curses.ascii.html
28.97
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curses.html
200.94
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curses.panel.html
18.43
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custominterp.html
8.59
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datatypes.html
18.84
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datetime.html
261.02
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dbhash.html
18.4
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dbm.html
14.75
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debug.html
11.28
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decimal.html
239.14
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development.html
15.27
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difflib.html
96.93
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dircache.html
13.66
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dis.html
96.52
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distribution.html
8.27
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distutils.html
10.97
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dl.html
19.27
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doctest.html
193.18
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docxmlrpcserver.html
20.02
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dumbdbm.html
16.74
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dummy_thread.html
11.04
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dummy_threading.html
9.96
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easydialogs.html
38.83
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email-examples.html
47.2
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email.charset.html
32.45
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email.encoders.html
14.09
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email.errors.html
19.2
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email.generator.html
24.78
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email.header.html
31.12
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email.html
55.3
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email.iterators.html
14.22
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email.message.html
74.91
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email.mime.html
34.51
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email.parser.html
37.09
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email.utils.html
30.04
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ensurepip.html
20.21
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errno.html
52.31
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exceptions.html
73.4
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fcntl.html
27.85
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filecmp.html
26.49
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fileformats.html
10.21
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fileinput.html
29.36
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filesys.html
11.55
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fl.html
71.58
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fm.html
15
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fnmatch.html
17.78
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formatter.html
43.91
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fpectl.html
17.84
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fpformat.html
12.65
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fractions.html
27.17
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framework.html
44.24
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frameworks.html
8.11
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ftplib.html
56.56
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functions.html
216.84
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functools.html
31.06
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future_builtins.html
15.9
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gc.html
30.74
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gdbm.html
19.35
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gensuitemodule.html
14.54
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getopt.html
26.56
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getpass.html
12.5
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gettext.html
91.32
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gl.html
26.71
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glob.html
15.42
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grp.html
12.33
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gzip.html
21.95
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hashlib.html
27.4
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heapq.html
36.72
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hmac.html
15.97
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hotshot.html
22.69
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htmllib.html
29.9
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htmlparser.html
45.11
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httplib.html
78.55
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i18n.html
10.61
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ic.html
22.03
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idle.html
45.74
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imageop.html
20.94
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imaplib.html
69.9
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imgfile.html
14.91
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imghdr.html
13.43
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imp.html
41.48
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importlib.html
10.27
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imputil.html
36.11
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index.html
82.54
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inspect.html
64.31
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internet.html
26.77
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intro.html
9.76
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io.html
122.3
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ipc.html
17.18
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itertools.html
129.91
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jpeg.html
15.36
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json.html
79.09
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keyword.html
9.27
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language.html
12.35
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linecache.html
12.7
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locale.html
68.54
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logging.config.html
82.23
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logging.handlers.html
91.96
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logging.html
123.15
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mac.html
24.49
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macos.html
18.51
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macosa.html
14.55
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macostools.html
19.67
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macpath.html
9.19
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mailbox.html
185.53
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mailcap.html
15.3
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markup.html
20.37
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marshal.html
19.88
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math.html
50.52
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md5.html
16.65
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mhlib.html
30.04
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mimetools.html
23.84
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mimetypes.html
35.82
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mimewriter.html
18.19
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mimify.html
16.96
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miniaeframe.html
14.5
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misc.html
7.77
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mm.html
10.19
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mmap.html
33.52
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modulefinder.html
19.85
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modules.html
9.68
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msilib.html
72.78
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msvcrt.html
24.1
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multifile.html
28.82
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multiprocessing.html
423.97
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mutex.html
13.56
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netdata.html
19.28
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netrc.html
15.51
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new.html
16.1
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nis.html
13.19
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nntplib.html
51.08
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numbers.html
40.91
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numeric.html
14.85
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operator.html
118.32
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optparse.html
251.08
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os.html
270.49
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os.path.html
48.87
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ossaudiodev.html
49.79
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othergui.html
9.98
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parser.html
44.52
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pdb.html
41.44
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persistence.html
16.25
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pickle.html
107.94
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pickletools.html
13.21
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pipes.html
21.85
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pkgutil.html
30.59
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platform.html
40.14
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plistlib.html
20.96
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popen2.html
30.13
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poplib.html
27.93
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posix.html
17.27
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posixfile.html
23.68
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pprint.html
36.42
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profile.html
76.65
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pty.html
11.42
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pwd.html
13.53
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py_compile.html
13.33
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pyclbr.html
18.14
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pydoc.html
14.33
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pyexpat.html
93.28
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python.html
13.53
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queue.html
29.64
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quopri.html
14.5
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random.html
47.78
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re.html
163.11
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readline.html
41.2
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repr.html
24.57
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resource.html
30.86
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restricted.html
12.69
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rexec.html
43.59
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rfc822.html
51.25
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rlcompleter.html
15.29
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robotparser.html
15.01
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runpy.html
23.55
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sched.html
21.76
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scrolledtext.html
10.67
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select.html
50.17
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sets.html
39.92
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sgi.html
11.09
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sgmllib.html
38.77
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sha.html
14.55
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shelve.html
32.93
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shlex.html
38.43
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shutil.html
49.49
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signal.html
36.52
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simplehttpserver.html
21.57
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simplexmlrpcserver.html
40.41
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site.html
29
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smtpd.html
15.64
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smtplib.html
51.86
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sndhdr.html
12.05
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socket.html
126.94
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socketserver.html
81.38
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someos.html
17.09
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spwd.html
12.25
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sqlite3.html
154.12
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ssl.html
214.5
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stat.html
41.11
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statvfs.html
13.24
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stdtypes.html
309.83
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string.html
129.58
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stringio.html
21.1
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stringprep.html
21.4
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strings.html
16.42
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struct.html
47.68
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subprocess.html
117
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sun.html
7.83
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sunau.html
35.43
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sunaudio.html
21.05
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symbol.html
9.06
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symtable.html
29.03
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sys.html
118.12
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sysconfig.html
28.8
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syslog.html
21.29
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tabnanny.html
12.78
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tarfile.html
99.54
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telnetlib.html
30.46
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tempfile.html
35.02
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termios.html
19.22
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test.html
61.42
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textwrap.html
32.28
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thread.html
22.67
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threading.html
92.04
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time.html
65.55
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timeit.html
44.38
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tix.html
56.73
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tk.html
26.76
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tkinter.html
86.67
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token.html
27.31
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tokenize.html
21.69
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trace.html
33.91
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traceback.html
44.22
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ttk.html
123.83
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tty.html
10.95
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turtle.html
246.17
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types.html
33.66
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undoc.html
25.54
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unicodedata.html
22.64
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unittest.html
246.75
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unix.html
11.9
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urllib.html
71.61
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urllib2.html
128.77
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urlparse.html
49.04
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user.html
13.41
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userdict.html
32.96
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uu.html
13.25
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uuid.html
33.55
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warnings.html
51.86
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wave.html
29.08
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weakref.html
41.14
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webbrowser.html
29.53
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whichdb.html
10.44
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windows.html
10.37
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winsound.html
22.56
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wsgiref.html
94.38
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xdrlib.html
38.05
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xml.dom.html
110.39
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xml.dom.minidom.html
45.23
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xml.dom.pulldom.html
16.32
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xml.etree.elementtree.html
124.2
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xml.html
18.76
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xml.sax.handler.html
47.5
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xml.sax.html
26.04
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xml.sax.reader.html
51.4
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xml.sax.utils.html
18.11
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xmlrpclib.html
71.79
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zipfile.html
67.26
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zipimport.html
24.32
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zlib.html
34.41
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>20.1. webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="20.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support" href="cgi.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="20. 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You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/webbrowser.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="cgi.html" title="20.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="internet.html" title="20. Internet Protocols and Support" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="internet.html" accesskey="U"><span class="section-number">20. </span>Internet Protocols and Support</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">20.1. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">webbrowser</span></code> — Convenient Web-browser controller</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-webbrowser"> <span id="webbrowser-convenient-web-browser-controller"></span><h1><span class="section-number">20.1. </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-webbrowser" title="webbrowser: Easy-to-use controller for Web browsers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">webbrowser</span></code></a> — Convenient Web-browser controller<a class="headerlink" href="#module-webbrowser" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/webbrowser.py">Lib/webbrowser.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-webbrowser" title="webbrowser: Easy-to-use controller for Web browsers."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">webbrowser</span></code></a> module provides a high-level interface to allow displaying Web-based documents to users. Under most circumstances, simply calling the <a class="reference internal" href="#webbrowser.open" title="webbrowser.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> function from this module will do the right thing.</p> <p>Under Unix, graphical browsers are preferred under X11, but text-mode browsers will be used if graphical browsers are not available or an X11 display isn’t available. If text-mode browsers are used, the calling process will block until the user exits the browser.</p> <p>If the environment variable <span class="target" id="index-0"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BROWSER</span></code> exists, it is interpreted to override the platform default list of browsers, as an <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.pathsep" title="os.pathsep"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.pathsep</span></code></a>-separated list of browsers to try in order. When the value of a list part contains the string <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%s</span></code>, then it is interpreted as a literal browser command line to be used with the argument URL substituted for <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%s</span></code>; if the part does not contain <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">%s</span></code>, it is simply interpreted as the name of the browser to launch. <a class="footnote-reference brackets" href="#id2" id="id1">1</a></p> <p>For non-Unix platforms, or when a remote browser is available on Unix, the controlling process will not wait for the user to finish with the browser, but allow the remote browser to maintain its own windows on the display. If remote browsers are not available on Unix, the controlling process will launch a new browser and wait.</p> <p>The script <strong class="program">webbrowser</strong> can be used as a command-line interface for the module. It accepts a URL as the argument. It accepts the following optional parameters: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-n</span></code> opens the URL in a new browser window, if possible; <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-t</span></code> opens the URL in a new browser page (“tab”). The options are, naturally, mutually exclusive. Usage example:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="n">webbrowser</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span> <span class="s2">"http://www.python.org"</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>The following exception is defined:</p> <dl class="py exception"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="webbrowser.Error"> <em class="property"><span class="pre">exception</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">webbrowser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">Error</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#webbrowser.Error" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Exception raised when a browser control error occurs.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The following functions are defined:</p> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="webbrowser.open"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">webbrowser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">new</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">autoraise</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#webbrowser.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display <em>url</em> using the default browser. If <em>new</em> is 0, the <em>url</em> is opened in the same browser window if possible. If <em>new</em> is 1, a new browser window is opened if possible. If <em>new</em> is 2, a new browser page (“tab”) is opened if possible. If <em>autoraise</em> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">True</span></code>, the window is raised if possible (note that under many window managers this will occur regardless of the setting of this variable).</p> <p>Note that on some platforms, trying to open a filename using this function, may work and start the operating system’s associated program. However, this is neither supported nor portable.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span><em>new</em> can now be 2.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="webbrowser.open_new"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">webbrowser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_new</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#webbrowser.open_new" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Open <em>url</em> in a new window of the default browser, if possible, otherwise, open <em>url</em> in the only browser window.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="webbrowser.open_new_tab"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">webbrowser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_new_tab</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#webbrowser.open_new_tab" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Open <em>url</em> in a new page (“tab”) of the default browser, if possible, otherwise equivalent to <a class="reference internal" href="#webbrowser.open_new" title="webbrowser.open_new"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open_new()</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="webbrowser.get"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">webbrowser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">get</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#webbrowser.get" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return a controller object for the browser type <em>name</em>. If <em>name</em> is empty, return a controller for a default browser appropriate to the caller’s environment.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="webbrowser.register"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">webbrowser.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">register</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">name</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">constructor</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">instance</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#webbrowser.register" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Register the browser type <em>name</em>. Once a browser type is registered, the <a class="reference internal" href="#webbrowser.get" title="webbrowser.get"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get()</span></code></a> function can return a controller for that browser type. If <em>instance</em> is not provided, or is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>, <em>constructor</em> will be called without parameters to create an instance when needed. If <em>instance</em> is provided, <em>constructor</em> will never be called, and may be <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> <p>This entry point is only useful if you plan to either set the <span class="target" id="index-1"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BROWSER</span></code> variable or call <a class="reference internal" href="#webbrowser.get" title="webbrowser.get"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get()</span></code></a> with a nonempty argument matching the name of a handler you declare.</p> </dd></dl> <p>A number of browser types are predefined. This table gives the type names that may be passed to the <a class="reference internal" href="#webbrowser.get" title="webbrowser.get"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">get()</span></code></a> function and the corresponding instantiations for the controller classes, all defined in this module.</p> <table class="docutils align-default"> <colgroup> <col style="width: 32%" /> <col style="width: 58%" /> <col style="width: 10%" /> </colgroup> <thead> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Type Name</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Class Name</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Notes</p></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'mozilla'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mozilla('mozilla')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'firefox'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mozilla('mozilla')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'netscape'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Mozilla('netscape')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'galeon'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Galeon('galeon')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'epiphany'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Galeon('epiphany')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'skipstone'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BackgroundBrowser('skipstone')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'kfmclient'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Konqueror()</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(1)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'konqueror'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Konqueror()</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(1)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'kfm'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Konqueror()</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(1)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'mosaic'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">BackgroundBrowser('mosaic')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'opera'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Opera()</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'grail'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Grail()</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'links'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GenericBrowser('links')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'elinks'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Elinks('elinks')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'lynx'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GenericBrowser('lynx')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'w3m'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GenericBrowser('w3m')</span></code></p></td> <td></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'windows-default'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">WindowsDefault</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(2)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'macosx'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MacOSX('default')</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(3)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'safari'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">MacOSX('safari')</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(3)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'google-chrome'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Chrome('google-chrome')</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(4)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'chrome'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Chrome('chrome')</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(4)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'chromium'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Chromium('chromium')</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(4)</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'chromium-browser'</span></code></p></td> <td><p><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">Chromium('chromium-browser')</span></code></p></td> <td><p>(4)</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Notes:</p> <ol class="arabic simple"> <li><p>“Konqueror” is the file manager for the KDE desktop environment for Unix, and only makes sense to use if KDE is running. Some way of reliably detecting KDE would be nice; the <span class="target" id="index-2"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KDEDIR</span></code> variable is not sufficient. Note also that the name “kfm” is used even when using the <strong class="program">konqueror</strong> command with KDE 2 — the implementation selects the best strategy for running Konqueror.</p></li> <li><p>Only on Windows platforms.</p></li> <li><p>Only on Mac OS X platform.</p></li> <li><p>Support for Chrome/Chromium has been added in version 2.7.5.</p></li> </ol> <p>Here are some simple examples:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s1">'http://www.python.org/'</span> <span class="c1"># Open URL in a new tab, if a browser window is already open.</span> <span class="n">webbrowser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open_new_tab</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="s1">'doc/'</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="c1"># Open URL in new window, raising the window if possible.</span> <span class="n">webbrowser</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">open_new</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">url</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <section id="browser-controller-objects"> <span id="browser-controllers"></span><h2><span class="section-number">20.1.1. </span>Browser Controller Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#browser-controller-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Browser controllers provide these methods which parallel three of the module-level convenience functions:</p> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="webbrowser.controller.open"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">controller.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">new</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">0</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">autoraise</span></span><span class="o"><span class="pre">=</span></span><span class="default_value"><span class="pre">True</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#webbrowser.controller.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Display <em>url</em> using the browser handled by this controller. If <em>new</em> is 1, a new browser window is opened if possible. If <em>new</em> is 2, a new browser page (“tab”) is opened if possible.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="webbrowser.controller.open_new"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">controller.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_new</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#webbrowser.controller.open_new" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Open <em>url</em> in a new window of the browser handled by this controller, if possible, otherwise, open <em>url</em> in the only browser window. Alias <a class="reference internal" href="#webbrowser.open_new" title="webbrowser.open_new"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open_new()</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py method"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="webbrowser.controller.open_new_tab"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">controller.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">open_new_tab</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">url</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#webbrowser.controller.open_new_tab" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Open <em>url</em> in a new page (“tab”) of the browser handled by this controller, if possible, otherwise equivalent to <a class="reference internal" href="#webbrowser.open_new" title="webbrowser.open_new"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open_new()</span></code></a>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <p class="rubric">Footnotes</p> <dl class="footnote brackets"> <dt class="label" id="id2"><span class="brackets"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">1</a></span></dt> <dd><p>Executables named here without a full path will be searched in the directories given in the <span class="target" id="index-3"></span><code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">PATH</span></code> environment variable.</p> </dd> </dl> </section> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">20.1. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">webbrowser</span></code> — Convenient Web-browser controller</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#browser-controller-objects">20.1.1. Browser Controller Objects</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="internet.html" title="previous chapter"><span class="section-number">20. </span>Internet Protocols and Support</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="cgi.html" title="next chapter"><span class="section-number">20.2. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">cgi</span></code> — Common Gateway Interface support</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/webbrowser.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> </div> <script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="cgi.html" title="20.2. cgi — Common Gateway Interface support" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="internet.html" title="20. 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