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2to3.html
63.71
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__builtin__.html
11.79
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__future__.html
15.58
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__main__.html
8.33
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_winreg.html
73.99
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abc.html
26.82
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aepack.html
15.47
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aetools.html
18.79
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aetypes.html
27.08
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aifc.html
29.59
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al.html
22.13
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allos.html
35.48
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anydbm.html
19.31
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archiving.html
10.64
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argparse.html
269.59
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array.html
35.35
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ast.html
42.42
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asynchat.html
35.84
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asyncore.html
43.22
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atexit.html
19.23
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audioop.html
41.32
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autogil.html
9.77
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base64.html
24.8
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basehttpserver.html
40.6
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bastion.html
13.02
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bdb.html
50.06
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binascii.html
26.64
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binhex.html
12.66
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bisect.html
28.52
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bsddb.html
32.02
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bz2.html
31.92
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calendar.html
50.16
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carbon.html
54.14
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cd.html
35.24
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cgi.html
58.4
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cgihttpserver.html
15.12
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cgitb.html
13.5
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chunk.html
17.41
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cmath.html
32.41
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cmd.html
32.69
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code.html
28.92
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codecs.html
125.92
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codeop.html
16.42
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collections.html
150.36
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colorpicker.html
9.02
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colorsys.html
14.38
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commands.html
16.63
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compileall.html
21.18
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compiler.html
78.14
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configparser.html
73.92
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constants.html
14.68
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contextlib.html
22.91
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cookie.html
45.38
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cookielib.html
102.78
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copy.html
14.21
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copy_reg.html
15.82
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crypt.html
11.62
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crypto.html
8.35
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csv.html
82.79
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ctypes.html
280.57
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curses.ascii.html
28.97
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curses.html
200.94
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curses.panel.html
18.43
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custominterp.html
8.59
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datatypes.html
18.84
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datetime.html
261.02
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dbhash.html
18.4
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dbm.html
14.75
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debug.html
11.28
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decimal.html
239.14
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development.html
15.27
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difflib.html
96.93
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dircache.html
13.66
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dis.html
96.52
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distribution.html
8.27
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distutils.html
10.97
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dl.html
19.27
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doctest.html
193.18
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docxmlrpcserver.html
20.02
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dumbdbm.html
16.74
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dummy_thread.html
11.04
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dummy_threading.html
9.96
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easydialogs.html
38.83
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email-examples.html
47.2
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email.charset.html
32.45
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email.encoders.html
14.09
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email.errors.html
19.2
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email.generator.html
24.78
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email.header.html
31.12
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email.html
55.3
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email.iterators.html
14.22
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email.message.html
74.91
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email.mime.html
34.51
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email.parser.html
37.09
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email.utils.html
30.04
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ensurepip.html
20.21
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errno.html
52.31
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exceptions.html
73.4
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fcntl.html
27.85
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filecmp.html
26.49
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fileformats.html
10.21
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fileinput.html
29.36
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filesys.html
11.55
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fl.html
71.58
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fm.html
15
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fnmatch.html
17.78
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formatter.html
43.91
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fpectl.html
17.84
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fpformat.html
12.65
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fractions.html
27.17
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framework.html
44.24
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frameworks.html
8.11
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ftplib.html
56.56
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functions.html
216.84
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functools.html
31.06
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future_builtins.html
15.9
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gc.html
30.74
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gdbm.html
19.35
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gensuitemodule.html
14.54
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getopt.html
26.56
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getpass.html
12.5
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gettext.html
91.32
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gl.html
26.71
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glob.html
15.42
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grp.html
12.33
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gzip.html
21.95
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hashlib.html
27.4
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heapq.html
36.72
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hmac.html
15.97
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hotshot.html
22.69
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htmllib.html
29.9
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htmlparser.html
45.11
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httplib.html
78.55
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i18n.html
10.61
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ic.html
22.03
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idle.html
45.74
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imageop.html
20.94
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imaplib.html
69.9
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imgfile.html
14.91
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imghdr.html
13.43
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imp.html
41.48
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importlib.html
10.27
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imputil.html
36.11
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index.html
82.54
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inspect.html
64.31
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internet.html
26.77
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intro.html
9.76
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io.html
122.3
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ipc.html
17.18
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itertools.html
129.91
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jpeg.html
15.36
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json.html
79.09
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keyword.html
9.27
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language.html
12.35
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linecache.html
12.7
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locale.html
68.54
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logging.config.html
82.23
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logging.handlers.html
91.96
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logging.html
123.15
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mac.html
24.49
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macos.html
18.51
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macosa.html
14.55
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macostools.html
19.67
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macpath.html
9.19
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mailbox.html
185.53
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mailcap.html
15.3
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markup.html
20.37
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marshal.html
19.88
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math.html
50.52
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md5.html
16.65
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mhlib.html
30.04
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mimetools.html
23.84
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mimetypes.html
35.82
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mimewriter.html
18.19
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mimify.html
16.96
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miniaeframe.html
14.5
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misc.html
7.77
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mm.html
10.19
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mmap.html
33.52
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modulefinder.html
19.85
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modules.html
9.68
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msilib.html
72.78
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msvcrt.html
24.1
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multifile.html
28.82
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multiprocessing.html
423.97
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mutex.html
13.56
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netdata.html
19.28
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netrc.html
15.51
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new.html
16.1
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nis.html
13.19
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nntplib.html
51.08
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numbers.html
40.91
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numeric.html
14.85
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operator.html
118.32
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optparse.html
251.08
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os.html
270.49
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os.path.html
48.87
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ossaudiodev.html
49.79
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othergui.html
9.98
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parser.html
44.52
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pdb.html
41.44
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persistence.html
16.25
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pickle.html
107.94
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pickletools.html
13.21
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pipes.html
21.85
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pkgutil.html
30.59
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platform.html
40.14
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plistlib.html
20.96
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popen2.html
30.13
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poplib.html
27.93
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posix.html
17.27
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posixfile.html
23.68
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pprint.html
36.42
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profile.html
76.65
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pty.html
11.42
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pwd.html
13.53
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py_compile.html
13.33
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pyclbr.html
18.14
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pydoc.html
14.33
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pyexpat.html
93.28
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python.html
13.53
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queue.html
29.64
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quopri.html
14.5
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random.html
47.78
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re.html
163.11
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readline.html
41.2
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repr.html
24.57
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resource.html
30.86
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restricted.html
12.69
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rexec.html
43.59
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rfc822.html
51.25
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rlcompleter.html
15.29
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robotparser.html
15.01
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runpy.html
23.55
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sched.html
21.76
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scrolledtext.html
10.67
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select.html
50.17
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sets.html
39.92
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sgi.html
11.09
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sgmllib.html
38.77
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sha.html
14.55
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shelve.html
32.93
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shlex.html
38.43
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shutil.html
49.49
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signal.html
36.52
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simplehttpserver.html
21.57
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simplexmlrpcserver.html
40.41
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site.html
29
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smtpd.html
15.64
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smtplib.html
51.86
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sndhdr.html
12.05
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socket.html
126.94
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socketserver.html
81.38
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someos.html
17.09
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spwd.html
12.25
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sqlite3.html
154.12
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ssl.html
214.5
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stat.html
41.11
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statvfs.html
13.24
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stdtypes.html
309.83
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string.html
129.58
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stringio.html
21.1
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stringprep.html
21.4
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strings.html
16.42
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struct.html
47.68
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subprocess.html
117
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sun.html
7.83
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sunau.html
35.43
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sunaudio.html
21.05
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symbol.html
9.06
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symtable.html
29.03
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sys.html
118.12
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sysconfig.html
28.8
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syslog.html
21.29
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tabnanny.html
12.78
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tarfile.html
99.54
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telnetlib.html
30.46
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tempfile.html
35.02
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termios.html
19.22
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test.html
61.42
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textwrap.html
32.28
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thread.html
22.67
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threading.html
92.04
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time.html
65.55
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timeit.html
44.38
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tix.html
56.73
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tk.html
26.76
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tkinter.html
86.67
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token.html
27.31
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tokenize.html
21.69
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trace.html
33.91
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traceback.html
44.22
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ttk.html
123.83
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tty.html
10.95
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turtle.html
246.17
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types.html
33.66
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undoc.html
25.54
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unicodedata.html
22.64
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unittest.html
246.75
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unix.html
11.9
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urllib.html
71.61
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urllib2.html
128.77
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urlparse.html
49.04
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user.html
13.41
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userdict.html
32.96
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uu.html
13.25
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uuid.html
33.55
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warnings.html
51.86
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wave.html
29.08
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weakref.html
41.14
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webbrowser.html
29.53
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whichdb.html
10.44
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windows.html
10.37
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winsound.html
22.56
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wsgiref.html
94.38
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xdrlib.html
38.05
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xml.dom.html
110.39
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xml.dom.minidom.html
45.23
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xml.dom.pulldom.html
16.32
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xml.etree.elementtree.html
124.2
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xml.html
18.76
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xml.sax.handler.html
47.5
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xml.sax.html
26.04
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xml.sax.reader.html
51.4
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xml.sax.utils.html
18.11
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xmlrpclib.html
71.79
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zipfile.html
67.26
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zipimport.html
24.32
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zlib.html
34.41
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>10.2. fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="10.3. stat — Interpreting stat() results" href="stat.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="10.1. os.path — Common pathname manipulations" href="os.path.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/fileinput.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/fileinput.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="stat.html" title="10.3. stat — Interpreting stat() results" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="os.path.html" title="10.1. os.path — Common pathname manipulations" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="filesys.html" accesskey="U"><span class="section-number">10. </span>File and Directory Access</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">10.2. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileinput</span></code> — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-fileinput"> <span id="fileinput-iterate-over-lines-from-multiple-input-streams"></span><h1><span class="section-number">10.2. </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-fileinput" title="fileinput: Loop over standard input or a list of files."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileinput</span></code></a> — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams<a class="headerlink" href="#module-fileinput" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/fileinput.py">Lib/fileinput.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>This module implements a helper class and functions to quickly write a loop over standard input or a list of files. If you just want to read or write one file see <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>.</p> <p>The typical use is:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">fileinput</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">fileinput</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">input</span><span class="p">():</span> <span class="n">process</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">line</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>This iterates over the lines of all files listed in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.argv[1:]</span></code>, defaulting to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code> if the list is empty. If a filename is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'-'</span></code>, it is also replaced by <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code>. To specify an alternative list of filenames, pass it as the first argument to <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.input" title="fileinput.input"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">input()</span></code></a>. A single file name is also allowed.</p> <p>All files are opened in text mode by default, but you can override this by specifying the <em>mode</em> parameter in the call to <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.input" title="fileinput.input"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">input()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.FileInput" title="fileinput.FileInput"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileInput()</span></code></a>. If an I/O error occurs during opening or reading a file, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IOError</span></code> is raised.</p> <p>If <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code> is used more than once, the second and further use will return no lines, except perhaps for interactive use, or if it has been explicitly reset (e.g. using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin.seek(0)</span></code>).</p> <p>Empty files are opened and immediately closed; the only time their presence in the list of filenames is noticeable at all is when the last file opened is empty.</p> <p>Lines are returned with any newlines intact, which means that the last line in a file may not have one.</p> <p>You can control how files are opened by providing an opening hook via the <em>openhook</em> parameter to <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.input" title="fileinput.input"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileinput.input()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.FileInput" title="fileinput.FileInput"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileInput()</span></code></a>. The hook must be a function that takes two arguments, <em>filename</em> and <em>mode</em>, and returns an accordingly opened file-like object. Two useful hooks are already provided by this module.</p> <p>The following function is the primary interface of this module:</p> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.input"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">input</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">files</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">inplace</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">backup</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bufsize</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">openhook</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.input" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Create an instance of the <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.FileInput" title="fileinput.FileInput"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileInput</span></code></a> class. The instance will be used as global state for the functions of this module, and is also returned to use during iteration. The parameters to this function will be passed along to the constructor of the <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.FileInput" title="fileinput.FileInput"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileInput</span></code></a> class.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>Added the <em>mode</em> and <em>openhook</em> parameters.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.7.12: </span>The <em>bufsize</em> parameter is no longer used.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <p>The following functions use the global state created by <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.input" title="fileinput.input"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileinput.input()</span></code></a>; if there is no active state, <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RuntimeError</span></code> is raised.</p> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.filename"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filename</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.filename" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the name of the file currently being read. Before the first line has been read, returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">None</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.fileno"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">fileno</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.fileno" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the integer “file descriptor” for the current file. When no file is opened (before the first line and between files), returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code>.</p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.lineno"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">lineno</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.lineno" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the cumulative line number of the line that has just been read. Before the first line has been read, returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>. After the last line of the last file has been read, returns the line number of that line.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.filelineno"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">filelineno</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.filelineno" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the line number in the current file. Before the first line has been read, returns <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code>. After the last line of the last file has been read, returns the line number of that line within the file.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.isfirstline"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isfirstline</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.isfirstline" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns true if the line just read is the first line of its file, otherwise returns false.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.isstdin"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">isstdin</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.isstdin" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns true if the last line was read from <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">sys.stdin</span></code>, otherwise returns false.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.nextfile"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">nextfile</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.nextfile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Close the current file so that the next iteration will read the first line from the next file (if any); lines not read from the file will not count towards the cumulative line count. The filename is not changed until after the first line of the next file has been read. Before the first line has been read, this function has no effect; it cannot be used to skip the first file. After the last line of the last file has been read, this function has no effect.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.close"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">close</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Close the sequence.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The class which implements the sequence behavior provided by the module is available for subclassing as well:</p> <dl class="py class"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.FileInput"> <em class="property"><span class="pre">class</span><span class="w"> </span></em><span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">FileInput</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><span class="optional">[</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">files</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">inplace</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">backup</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">bufsize</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="optional">[</span>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">openhook</span></span></em><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="optional">]</span><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.FileInput" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Class <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.FileInput" title="fileinput.FileInput"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileInput</span></code></a> is the implementation; its methods <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.filename" title="fileinput.filename"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filename()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.fileno" title="fileinput.fileno"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileno()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.lineno" title="fileinput.lineno"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lineno()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.filelineno" title="fileinput.filelineno"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">filelineno()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.isfirstline" title="fileinput.isfirstline"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isfirstline()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.isstdin" title="fileinput.isstdin"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">isstdin()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.nextfile" title="fileinput.nextfile"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">nextfile()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.close" title="fileinput.close"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">close()</span></code></a> correspond to the functions of the same name in the module. In addition it has a <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#file.readline" title="file.readline"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readline()</span></code></a> method which returns the next input line, and a <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getitem__()</span></code> method which implements the sequence behavior. The sequence must be accessed in strictly sequential order; random access and <a class="reference internal" href="stdtypes.html#file.readline" title="file.readline"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">readline()</span></code></a> cannot be mixed.</p> <p>With <em>mode</em> you can specify which file mode will be passed to <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a>. It must be one of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'r'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rU'</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'U'</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'rb'</span></code>.</p> <p>The <em>openhook</em>, when given, must be a function that takes two arguments, <em>filename</em> and <em>mode</em>, and returns an accordingly opened file-like object. You cannot use <em>inplace</em> and <em>openhook</em> together.</p> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.5: </span>Added the <em>mode</em> and <em>openhook</em> parameters.</p> </div> <div class="versionchanged"> <p><span class="versionmodified changed">Changed in version 2.7.12: </span>The <em>bufsize</em> parameter is no longer used.</p> </div> </dd></dl> <p><strong>Optional in-place filtering:</strong> if the keyword argument <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">inplace=1</span></code> is passed to <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.input" title="fileinput.input"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fileinput.input()</span></code></a> or to the <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.FileInput" title="fileinput.FileInput"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileInput</span></code></a> constructor, the file is moved to a backup file and standard output is directed to the input file (if a file of the same name as the backup file already exists, it will be replaced silently). This makes it possible to write a filter that rewrites its input file in place. If the <em>backup</em> parameter is given (typically as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">backup='.<some</span> <span class="pre">extension>'</span></code>), it specifies the extension for the backup file, and the backup file remains around; by default, the extension is <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.bak'</span></code> and it is deleted when the output file is closed. In-place filtering is disabled when standard input is read.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>The current implementation does not work for MS-DOS 8+3 filesystems.</p> </div> <p>The two following opening hooks are provided by this module:</p> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.hook_compressed"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">hook_compressed</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">filename</span></span></em>, <em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.hook_compressed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Transparently opens files compressed with gzip and bzip2 (recognized by the extensions <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.gz'</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.bz2'</span></code>) using the <a class="reference internal" href="gzip.html#module-gzip" title="gzip: Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gzip</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="bz2.html#module-bz2" title="bz2: Interface to compression and decompression routines compatible with bzip2."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">bz2</span></code></a> modules. If the filename extension is not <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.gz'</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.bz2'</span></code>, the file is opened normally (ie, using <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#open" title="open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">open()</span></code></a> without any decompression).</p> <p>Usage example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fi</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">fileinput.FileInput(openhook=fileinput.hook_compressed)</span></code></p> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="fileinput.hook_encoded"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">fileinput.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">hook_encoded</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">encoding</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#fileinput.hook_encoded" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Returns a hook which opens each file with <a class="reference internal" href="io.html#io.open" title="io.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">io.open()</span></code></a>, using the given <em>encoding</em> to read the file.</p> <p>Usage example: <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fi</span> <span class="pre">=</span> <span class="pre">fileinput.FileInput(openhook=fileinput.hook_encoded("iso-8859-1"))</span></code></p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>With this hook, <a class="reference internal" href="#fileinput.FileInput" title="fileinput.FileInput"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">FileInput</span></code></a> might return Unicode strings depending on the specified <em>encoding</em>.</p> </div> <div class="versionadded"> <p><span class="versionmodified added">New in version 2.5.</span></p> </div> </dd></dl> </section> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="os.path.html" title="previous chapter"><span class="section-number">10.1. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path</span></code> — Common pathname manipulations</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="stat.html" title="next chapter"><span class="section-number">10.3. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat</span></code> — Interpreting <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code> results</a></p> <div role="note" aria-label="source link"> <h3>This Page</h3> <ul class="this-page-menu"> <li><a href="../_sources/library/fileinput.rst.txt" rel="nofollow">Show Source</a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="searchbox" style="display: none" role="search"> <h3 id="searchlabel">Quick search</h3> <div class="searchformwrapper"> <form class="search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input type="text" name="q" aria-labelledby="searchlabel" autocomplete="off" autocorrect="off" autocapitalize="off" spellcheck="false"/> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> </form> </div> </div> <script>$('#searchbox').show(0);</script> </div> </div> <div class="clearer"></div> </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" >index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="stat.html" title="10.3. stat — Interpreting stat() results" >next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="os.path.html" title="10.1. os.path — Common pathname manipulations" >previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; 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