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 <section id="module-test">
<h1>25.5. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test</code></a> — Regression tests package for Python<a class="headerlink" href="#module-test" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="admonition note">
Note
The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test</code></a> package is meant for internal use by Python only. It is
documented for the benefit of the core developers of Python. Any use of
this package outside of Python’s standard library is discouraged as code
mentioned here can change or be removed without notice between releases of
Python.
</div>
The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test</code></a> package contains all regression tests for Python as well as the
modules <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python regression tests."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.support</code></a> and <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.regrtest</code>.
<a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python regression tests."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.support</code></a> is used to enhance your tests while
<code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.regrtest</code> drives the testing suite.
Each module in the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test</code></a> package whose name starts with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">test_</code> is a
testing suite for a specific module or feature. All new tests should be written
using the <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">unittest</code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="doctest.html#module-doctest" title="doctest: Test pieces of code within docstrings."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">doctest</code></a> module. Some older tests are
written using a “traditional” testing style that compares output printed to
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.stdout</code>; this style of test is considered deprecated.
<div class="admonition seealso">
See also
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">unittest</code></a></dt><dd>Writing PyUnit regression tests.
</dd>
<dt>Module <a class="reference internal" href="doctest.html#module-doctest" title="doctest: Test pieces of code within docstrings."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">doctest</code></a></dt><dd>Tests embedded in documentation strings.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
<section id="writing-unit-tests-for-the-test-package">
<h2>25.5.1. Writing Unit Tests for the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test</code></a> package<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-unit-tests-for-the-test-package" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
It is preferred that tests that use the <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">unittest</code></a> module follow a few
guidelines. One is to name the test module by starting it with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">test_</code> and end
it with the name of the module being tested. The test methods in the test module
should start with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">test_</code> and end with a description of what the method is
testing. This is needed so that the methods are recognized by the test driver as
test methods. Also, no documentation string for the method should be included. A
comment (such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"># Tests function returns only True or False</code>) should be used
to provide documentation for test methods. This is done because documentation
strings get printed out if they exist and thus what test is being run is not
stated.
A basic boilerplate is often used:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>import unittest
from test import support

class MyTestCase1(unittest.TestCase):

# Only use setUp() and tearDown() if necessary

def setUp(self):
 ... code to execute in preparation for tests ...

def tearDown(self):
 ... code to execute to clean up after tests ...

def test_feature_one(self):
 # Test feature one.
 ... testing code ...

def test_feature_two(self):
 # Test feature two.
 ... testing code ...

... more test methods ...

class MyTestCase2(unittest.TestCase):
 ... same structure as MyTestCase1 ...

... more test classes ...

def test_main():
 support.run_unittest(MyTestCase1,
 MyTestCase2,
 ... list other tests ...
 )

if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
 test_main()
</pre></div>
</div>
This boilerplate code allows the testing suite to be run by <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.regrtest</code>
as well as on its own as a script.
The goal for regression testing is to try to break code. This leads to a few
guidelines to be followed:
<ul>
<li>The testing suite should exercise all classes, functions, and constants. This
includes not just the external API that is to be presented to the outside
world but also “private” code.</li>
<li>Whitebox testing (examining the code being tested when the tests are being
written) is preferred. Blackbox testing (testing only the published user
interface) is not complete enough to make sure all boundary and edge cases
are tested.</li>
<li>Make sure all possible values are tested including invalid ones. This makes
sure that not only all valid values are acceptable but also that improper
values are handled correctly.</li>
<li>Exhaust as many code paths as possible. Test where branching occurs and thus
tailor input to make sure as many different paths through the code are taken.</li>
<li>Add an explicit test for any bugs discovered for the tested code. This will
make sure that the error does not crop up again if the code is changed in the
future.</li>
<li>Make sure to clean up after your tests (such as close and remove all temporary
files).</li>
<li>If a test is dependent on a specific condition of the operating system then
verify the condition already exists before attempting the test.</li>
<li>Import as few modules as possible and do it as soon as possible. This
minimizes external dependencies of tests and also minimizes possible anomalous
behavior from side-effects of importing a module.</li>
<li>Try to maximize code reuse. On occasion, tests will vary by something as small
as what type of input is used. Minimize code duplication by subclassing a
basic test class with a class that specifies the input:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>class TestFuncAcceptsSequences(unittest.TestCase):

func = mySuperWhammyFunction

def test_func(self):
 self.func(self.arg)

class AcceptLists(TestFuncAcceptsSequences):
 arg = [1, 2, 3]

class AcceptStrings(TestFuncAcceptsSequences):
 arg = &#39;abc&#39;

class AcceptTuples(TestFuncAcceptsSequences):
 arg = (1, 2, 3)
</pre></div>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition seealso">
See also
<dl class="simple">
<dt>Test Driven Development</dt><dd>A book by Kent Beck on writing tests before code.
</dd>
</dl>
</div>
</section>
<section id="running-tests-using-the-command-line-interface">
<h2>25.5.2. Running tests using the command-line interface<a class="headerlink" href="#running-tests-using-the-command-line-interface" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.regrtest</code> module can be run as a script to drive Python’s regression
test suite, thanks to the <a class="reference internal" href="../using/cmdline.html#cmdoption-m"><code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate">-m</code></a> option: python -m test.regrtest.
Running the script by itself automatically starts running all regression
tests in the <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test</code></a> package. It does this by finding all modules in the
package whose name starts with <code class="docutils literal notranslate">test_</code>, importing them, and executing the
function <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">test_main()</code> if present. The names of tests to execute may also
be passed to the script. Specifying a single regression test (python
-m test.regrtest test_spam) will minimize output and only print whether
the test passed or failed and thus minimize output.
Running <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.regrtest</code> directly allows what resources are available for
tests to use to be set. You do this by using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-u</code> command-line
option. Specifying <code class="docutils literal notranslate">all</code> as the value for the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">-u</code> option enables all
possible resources: python -m test.regrtest -uall.
If all but one resource is desired (a more common case), a
comma-separated list of resources that are not desired may be listed after
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">all</code>. The command python -m test.regrtest -uall,-audio,-largefile
will run <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.regrtest</code> with all resources except the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">audio</code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">largefile</code> resources. For a list of all resources and more command-line
options, run python -m test.regrtest -h.
Some other ways to execute the regression tests depend on what platform the
tests are being executed on. On Unix, you can run make test at the
top-level directory where Python was built. On Windows, executing
rt.bat from your <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">PCBuild</code> directory will run all regression
tests.
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 2.7.14: The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test" title="test: Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test</code></a> package can be run as a script: python -m test.
This works the same as running the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.regrtest</code> module.
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section id="module-test.support">
<h1>25.6. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python regression tests."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.support</code></a> — Utility functions for tests<a class="headerlink" href="#module-test.support" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="admonition note">
Note
The <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.test_support</code> module has been renamed to <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python regression tests."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.support</code></a>
in Python 3.x and 2.7.14. The name <code class="docutils literal notranslate">test.test_support</code> has been retained
as an alias in 2.7.
</div>
The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python regression tests."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.support</code></a> module provides support for Python’s regression
tests.
This module defines the following exceptions:
<dl class="py exception">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.TestFailed">
exception test.support.TestFailed<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.TestFailed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Exception to be raised when a test fails. This is deprecated in favor of
<a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#module-unittest" title="unittest: Unit testing framework for Python."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">unittest</code></a>-based tests and <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.TestCase" title="unittest.TestCase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">unittest.TestCase</code></a>’s assertion
methods.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py exception">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.ResourceDenied">
exception test.support.ResourceDenied<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Subclass of <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.SkipTest" title="unittest.SkipTest"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">unittest.SkipTest</code></a>. Raised when a resource (such as a
network connection) is not available. Raised by the <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.requires" title="test.support.requires"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">requires()</code></a>
function.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.have_unicode">
test.support.have_unicode<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.have_unicode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">True</code></a> when Unicode support is available.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.is_jython">
test.support.is_jython<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.is_jython" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd><a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">True</code></a> if the running interpreter is Jython.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.TESTFN">
test.support.TESTFN<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.TESTFN" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Set to a name that is safe to use as the name of a temporary file. Any
temporary file that is created should be closed and unlinked (removed).
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py data">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.TEST_HTTP_URL">
test.support.TEST_HTTP_URL<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.TEST_HTTP_URL" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Define the URL of a dedicated HTTP server for the network tests.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.is_resource_enabled">
test.support.is_resource_enabled(resource)<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.is_resource_enabled" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">True</code></a> if resource is enabled and available. The list of
available resources is only set when <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.regrtest</code> is executing the
tests.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.requires">
test.support.requires(resource[, msg])<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.requires" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Raise <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="test.support.ResourceDenied"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ResourceDenied</code></a> if resource is not available. msg is the
argument to <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="test.support.ResourceDenied"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ResourceDenied</code></a> if it is raised. Always returns
<a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">True</code></a> if called by a function whose <code class="docutils literal notranslate">__name__</code> is <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'__main__'</code>.
Used when tests are executed by <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.regrtest</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.findfile">
test.support.findfile(filename)<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.findfile" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the path to the file named filename. If no match is found
filename is returned. This does not equal a failure since it could be the
path to the file.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.run_unittest">
test.support.run_unittest(*classes)<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.run_unittest" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Execute <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.TestCase" title="unittest.TestCase"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">unittest.TestCase</code></a> subclasses passed to the function. The
function scans the classes for methods starting with the prefix <code class="docutils literal notranslate">test_</code>
and executes the tests individually.
It is also legal to pass strings as parameters; these should be keys in
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.modules</code>. Each associated module will be scanned by
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">unittest.TestLoader.loadTestsFromModule()</code>. This is usually seen in the
following <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">test_main()</code> function:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>def test_main():
 support.run_unittest(__name__)
</pre></div>
</div>
This will run all tests defined in the named module.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.check_warnings">
test.support.check_warnings(*filters, quiet=True)<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.check_warnings" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>A convenience wrapper for <a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warnings.catch_warnings" title="warnings.catch_warnings"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">warnings.catch_warnings()</code></a> that makes it
easier to test that a warning was correctly raised. It is approximately
equivalent to calling <code class="docutils literal notranslate">warnings.catch_warnings(record=True)</code> with
<a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warnings.simplefilter" title="warnings.simplefilter"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">warnings.simplefilter()</code></a> set to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">always</code> and with the option to
automatically validate the results that are recorded.
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">check_warnings</code> accepts 2-tuples of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(&quot;message regexp&quot;,
WarningCategory)</code> as positional arguments. If one or more filters are
provided, or if the optional keyword argument quiet is <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#False" title="False"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">False</code></a>,
it checks to make sure the warnings are as expected: each specified filter
must match at least one of the warnings raised by the enclosed code or the
test fails, and if any warnings are raised that do not match any of the
specified filters the test fails. To disable the first of these checks,
set quiet to <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">True</code></a>.
If no arguments are specified, it defaults to:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>check_warnings((&quot;&quot;, Warning), quiet=True)
</pre></div>
</div>
In this case all warnings are caught and no errors are raised.
On entry to the context manager, a <code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">WarningRecorder</code> instance is
returned. The underlying warnings list from
<a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#warnings.catch_warnings" title="warnings.catch_warnings"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">catch_warnings()</code></a> is available via the recorder object’s
<a class="reference internal" href="warnings.html#module-warnings" title="warnings: Issue warning messages and control their disposition."><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate">warnings</code></a> attribute. As a convenience, the attributes of the object
representing the most recent warning can also be accessed directly through
the recorder object (see example below). If no warning has been raised,
then any of the attributes that would otherwise be expected on an object
representing a warning will return <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#None" title="None"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">None</code></a>.
The recorder object also has a <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">reset()</code> method, which clears the
warnings list.
The context manager is designed to be used like this:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>with check_warnings((&quot;assertion is always true&quot;, SyntaxWarning),
 (&quot;&quot;, UserWarning)):
 exec(&#39;assert(False, &quot;Hey!&quot;)&#39;)
 warnings.warn(UserWarning(&quot;Hide me!&quot;))
</pre></div>
</div>
In this case if either warning was not raised, or some other warning was
raised, <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.check_warnings" title="test.support.check_warnings"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">check_warnings()</code></a> would raise an error.
When a test needs to look more deeply into the warnings, rather than
just checking whether or not they occurred, code like this can be used:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>with check_warnings(quiet=True) as w:
 warnings.warn(&quot;foo&quot;)
 assert str(w.args[0]) == &quot;foo&quot;
 warnings.warn(&quot;bar&quot;)
 assert str(w.args[0]) == &quot;bar&quot;
 assert str(w.warnings[0].args[0]) == &quot;foo&quot;
 assert str(w.warnings[1].args[0]) == &quot;bar&quot;
 w.reset()
 assert len(w.warnings) == 0
</pre></div>
</div>
Here all warnings will be caught, and the test code tests the captured
warnings directly.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.6.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 2.7: New optional arguments filters and quiet.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.check_py3k_warnings">
test.support.check_py3k_warnings(*filters, quiet=False)<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.check_py3k_warnings" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Similar to <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.check_warnings" title="test.support.check_warnings"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">check_warnings()</code></a>, but for Python 3 compatibility warnings.
If <code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.py3kwarning == 1</code>, it checks if the warning is effectively raised.
If <code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.py3kwarning == 0</code>, it checks that no warning is raised. It
accepts 2-tuples of the form <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(&quot;message regexp&quot;, WarningCategory)</code> as
positional arguments. When the optional keyword argument quiet is
<a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">True</code></a>, it does not fail if a filter catches nothing. Without
arguments, it defaults to:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>check_py3k_warnings((&quot;&quot;, DeprecationWarning), quiet=False)
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.captured_stdout">
test.support.captured_stdout()<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.captured_stdout" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This is a context manager that runs the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate">with</code></a> statement body using
a <a class="reference internal" href="stringio.html#StringIO.StringIO" title="StringIO.StringIO"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate">StringIO.StringIO</code></a> object as sys.stdout. That object can be
retrieved using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">as</code> clause of the <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate">with</code></a> statement.
Example use:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>with captured_stdout() as s:
 print &quot;hello&quot;
assert s.getvalue() == &quot;hello\n&quot;
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.6.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.import_module">
test.support.import_module(name, deprecated=False)<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.import_module" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This function imports and returns the named module. Unlike a normal
import, this function raises <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.SkipTest" title="unittest.SkipTest"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">unittest.SkipTest</code></a> if the module
cannot be imported.
Module and package deprecation messages are suppressed during this import
if deprecated is <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">True</code></a>.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.import_fresh_module">
test.support.import_fresh_module(name, fresh=(), blocked=(), deprecated=False)<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.import_fresh_module" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This function imports and returns a fresh copy of the named Python module
by removing the named module from <code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.modules</code> before doing the import.
Note that unlike <a class="reference internal" href="functions.html#reload" title="reload"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">reload()</code></a>, the original module is not affected by
this operation.
fresh is an iterable of additional module names that are also removed
from the <code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.modules</code> cache before doing the import.
blocked is an iterable of module names that are replaced with <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">0</code>
in the module cache during the import to ensure that attempts to import
them raise <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ImportError</code>.
The named module and any modules named in the fresh and blocked
parameters are saved before starting the import and then reinserted into
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">sys.modules</code> when the fresh import is complete.
Module and package deprecation messages are suppressed during this import
if deprecated is <a class="reference internal" href="constants.html#True" title="True"><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">True</code></a>.
This function will raise <a class="reference internal" href="unittest.html#unittest.SkipTest" title="unittest.SkipTest"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">unittest.SkipTest</code></a> if the named module
cannot be imported.
Example use:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre># Get copies of the warnings module for testing without
# affecting the version being used by the rest of the test suite
# One copy uses the C implementation, the other is forced to use
# the pure Python fallback implementation
py_warnings = import_fresh_module(&#39;warnings&#39;, blocked=[&#39;_warnings&#39;])
c_warnings = import_fresh_module(&#39;warnings&#39;, fresh=[&#39;_warnings&#39;])
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.7.
</div>
</dd></dl>

The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-test.support" title="test.support: Support for Python regression tests."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">test.support</code></a> module defines the following classes:
<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.TransientResource">
class test.support.TransientResource(exc[, **kwargs])<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.TransientResource" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Instances are a context manager that raises <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="test.support.ResourceDenied"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ResourceDenied</code></a> if the
specified exception type is raised. Any keyword arguments are treated as
attribute/value pairs to be compared against any exception raised within the
<a class="reference internal" href="../reference/compound_stmts.html#with"><code class="xref std std-keyword docutils literal notranslate">with</code></a> statement. Only if all pairs match properly against
attributes on the exception is <a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.ResourceDenied" title="test.support.ResourceDenied"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">ResourceDenied</code></a> raised.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.6.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard">
class test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Class used to temporarily set or unset environment variables. Instances can
be used as a context manager and have a complete dictionary interface for
querying/modifying the underlying <code class="docutils literal notranslate">os.environ</code>. After exit from the
context manager all changes to environment variables done through this
instance will be rolled back.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.6.
</div>
<div class="versionchanged">
Changed in version 2.7: Added dictionary interface.
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard.set">
EnvironmentVarGuard.set(envvar, value)<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard.set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Temporarily set the environment variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate">envvar</code> to the value of
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">value</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard.unset">
EnvironmentVarGuard.unset(envvar)<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.EnvironmentVarGuard.unset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Temporarily unset the environment variable <code class="docutils literal notranslate">envvar</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py class">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="test.support.WarningsRecorder">
class test.support.WarningsRecorder<a class="headerlink" href="#test.support.WarningsRecorder" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Class used to record warnings for unit tests. See documentation of
<a class="reference internal" href="#test.support.check_warnings" title="test.support.check_warnings"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">check_warnings()</code></a> above for more details.
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.6.
</div>
</dd></dl>

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