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2to3.html
63.71
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__builtin__.html
11.79
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__future__.html
15.58
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__main__.html
8.33
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_winreg.html
73.99
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abc.html
26.82
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aepack.html
15.47
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aetools.html
18.79
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aetypes.html
27.08
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aifc.html
29.59
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al.html
22.13
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allos.html
35.48
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anydbm.html
19.31
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archiving.html
10.64
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argparse.html
269.59
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array.html
35.35
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ast.html
42.42
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asynchat.html
35.84
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asyncore.html
43.22
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atexit.html
19.23
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audioop.html
41.32
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autogil.html
9.77
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base64.html
24.8
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basehttpserver.html
40.6
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bastion.html
13.02
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bdb.html
50.06
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binascii.html
26.64
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binhex.html
12.66
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bisect.html
28.52
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bsddb.html
32.02
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bz2.html
31.92
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calendar.html
50.16
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carbon.html
54.14
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cd.html
35.24
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cgi.html
58.4
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cgihttpserver.html
15.12
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cgitb.html
13.5
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chunk.html
17.41
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cmath.html
32.41
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cmd.html
32.69
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code.html
28.92
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codecs.html
125.92
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codeop.html
16.42
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collections.html
150.36
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colorpicker.html
9.02
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colorsys.html
14.38
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commands.html
16.63
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compileall.html
21.18
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compiler.html
78.14
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configparser.html
73.92
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constants.html
14.68
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contextlib.html
22.91
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cookie.html
45.38
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cookielib.html
102.78
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copy.html
14.21
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copy_reg.html
15.82
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crypt.html
11.62
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crypto.html
8.35
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csv.html
82.79
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ctypes.html
280.57
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curses.ascii.html
28.97
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curses.html
200.94
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curses.panel.html
18.43
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custominterp.html
8.59
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datatypes.html
18.84
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datetime.html
261.02
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dbhash.html
18.4
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dbm.html
14.75
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debug.html
11.28
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decimal.html
239.14
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development.html
15.27
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difflib.html
96.93
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dircache.html
13.66
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dis.html
96.52
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distribution.html
8.27
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distutils.html
10.97
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dl.html
19.27
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doctest.html
193.18
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docxmlrpcserver.html
20.02
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dumbdbm.html
16.74
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dummy_thread.html
11.04
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dummy_threading.html
9.96
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easydialogs.html
38.83
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email-examples.html
47.2
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email.charset.html
32.45
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email.encoders.html
14.09
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email.errors.html
19.2
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email.generator.html
24.78
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email.header.html
31.12
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email.html
55.3
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email.iterators.html
14.22
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email.message.html
74.91
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email.mime.html
34.51
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email.parser.html
37.09
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email.utils.html
30.04
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ensurepip.html
20.21
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errno.html
52.31
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exceptions.html
73.4
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fcntl.html
27.85
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filecmp.html
26.49
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fileformats.html
10.21
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fileinput.html
29.36
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filesys.html
11.55
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fl.html
71.58
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fm.html
15
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fnmatch.html
17.78
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formatter.html
43.91
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fpectl.html
17.84
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fpformat.html
12.65
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fractions.html
27.17
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framework.html
44.24
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frameworks.html
8.11
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ftplib.html
56.56
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functions.html
216.84
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functools.html
31.06
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future_builtins.html
15.9
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gc.html
30.74
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gdbm.html
19.35
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gensuitemodule.html
14.54
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getopt.html
26.56
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getpass.html
12.5
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gettext.html
91.32
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gl.html
26.71
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glob.html
15.42
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grp.html
12.33
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gzip.html
21.95
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hashlib.html
27.4
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heapq.html
36.72
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hmac.html
15.97
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hotshot.html
22.69
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htmllib.html
29.9
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htmlparser.html
45.11
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httplib.html
78.55
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i18n.html
10.61
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ic.html
22.03
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idle.html
45.74
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imageop.html
20.94
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imaplib.html
69.9
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imgfile.html
14.91
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imghdr.html
13.43
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imp.html
41.48
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importlib.html
10.27
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imputil.html
36.11
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index.html
82.54
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inspect.html
64.31
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internet.html
26.77
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intro.html
9.76
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io.html
122.3
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ipc.html
17.18
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itertools.html
129.91
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jpeg.html
15.36
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json.html
79.09
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keyword.html
9.27
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language.html
12.35
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linecache.html
12.7
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locale.html
68.54
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logging.config.html
82.23
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logging.handlers.html
91.96
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logging.html
123.15
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mac.html
24.49
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macos.html
18.51
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macosa.html
14.55
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macostools.html
19.67
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macpath.html
9.19
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mailbox.html
185.53
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mailcap.html
15.3
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markup.html
20.37
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marshal.html
19.88
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math.html
50.52
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md5.html
16.65
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mhlib.html
30.04
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mimetools.html
23.84
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mimetypes.html
35.82
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mimewriter.html
18.19
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mimify.html
16.96
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miniaeframe.html
14.5
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misc.html
7.77
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mm.html
10.19
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mmap.html
33.52
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modulefinder.html
19.85
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modules.html
9.68
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msilib.html
72.78
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msvcrt.html
24.1
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multifile.html
28.82
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multiprocessing.html
423.97
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mutex.html
13.56
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netdata.html
19.28
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netrc.html
15.51
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new.html
16.1
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nis.html
13.19
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nntplib.html
51.08
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numbers.html
40.91
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numeric.html
14.85
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operator.html
118.32
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optparse.html
251.08
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os.html
270.49
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os.path.html
48.87
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ossaudiodev.html
49.79
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othergui.html
9.98
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parser.html
44.52
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pdb.html
41.44
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persistence.html
16.25
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pickle.html
107.94
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pickletools.html
13.21
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pipes.html
21.85
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pkgutil.html
30.59
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platform.html
40.14
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plistlib.html
20.96
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popen2.html
30.13
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poplib.html
27.93
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posix.html
17.27
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posixfile.html
23.68
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pprint.html
36.42
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profile.html
76.65
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pty.html
11.42
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pwd.html
13.53
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py_compile.html
13.33
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pyclbr.html
18.14
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pydoc.html
14.33
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pyexpat.html
93.28
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python.html
13.53
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queue.html
29.64
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quopri.html
14.5
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random.html
47.78
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re.html
163.11
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readline.html
41.2
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repr.html
24.57
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resource.html
30.86
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restricted.html
12.69
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rexec.html
43.59
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rfc822.html
51.25
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rlcompleter.html
15.29
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robotparser.html
15.01
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runpy.html
23.55
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sched.html
21.76
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scrolledtext.html
10.67
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select.html
50.17
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sets.html
39.92
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sgi.html
11.09
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sgmllib.html
38.77
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sha.html
14.55
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shelve.html
32.93
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shlex.html
38.43
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shutil.html
49.49
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signal.html
36.52
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simplehttpserver.html
21.57
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simplexmlrpcserver.html
40.41
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site.html
29
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smtpd.html
15.64
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smtplib.html
51.86
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sndhdr.html
12.05
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socket.html
126.94
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socketserver.html
81.38
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someos.html
17.09
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spwd.html
12.25
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sqlite3.html
154.12
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ssl.html
214.5
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stat.html
41.11
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statvfs.html
13.24
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stdtypes.html
309.83
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string.html
129.58
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stringio.html
21.1
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stringprep.html
21.4
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strings.html
16.42
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struct.html
47.68
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subprocess.html
117
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sun.html
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sunau.html
35.43
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sunaudio.html
21.05
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symbol.html
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symtable.html
29.03
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sys.html
118.12
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sysconfig.html
28.8
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syslog.html
21.29
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tabnanny.html
12.78
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tarfile.html
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telnetlib.html
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tempfile.html
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termios.html
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test.html
61.42
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textwrap.html
32.28
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thread.html
22.67
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threading.html
92.04
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time.html
65.55
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timeit.html
44.38
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tix.html
56.73
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tk.html
26.76
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tkinter.html
86.67
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token.html
27.31
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tokenize.html
21.69
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trace.html
33.91
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traceback.html
44.22
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ttk.html
123.83
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tty.html
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turtle.html
246.17
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types.html
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undoc.html
25.54
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unicodedata.html
22.64
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unittest.html
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unix.html
11.9
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urllib.html
71.61
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urllib2.html
128.77
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urlparse.html
49.04
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user.html
13.41
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userdict.html
32.96
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uu.html
13.25
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uuid.html
33.55
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warnings.html
51.86
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wave.html
29.08
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weakref.html
41.14
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webbrowser.html
29.53
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whichdb.html
10.44
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windows.html
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winsound.html
22.56
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wsgiref.html
94.38
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xdrlib.html
38.05
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xml.dom.html
110.39
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xml.dom.minidom.html
45.23
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xml.dom.pulldom.html
16.32
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xml.etree.elementtree.html
124.2
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xml.html
18.76
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xml.sax.handler.html
47.5
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xml.sax.html
26.04
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xml.sax.reader.html
51.4
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xml.sax.utils.html
18.11
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xmlrpclib.html
71.79
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zipfile.html
67.26
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zipimport.html
24.32
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zlib.html
34.41
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<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /><meta name="generator" content="Docutils 0.17.1: http://docutils.sourceforge.net/" /> <title>10.3. stat — Interpreting stat() results — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/pygments.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../_static/classic.css" /> <script data-url_root="../" id="documentation_options" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="10.4. statvfs — Constants used with os.statvfs()" href="statvfs.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="10.2. fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams" href="fileinput.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/library/stat.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/library/stat.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="statvfs.html" title="10.4. statvfs — Constants used with os.statvfs()" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="fileinput.html" title="10.2. fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >The Python Standard Library</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="filesys.html" accesskey="U"><span class="section-number">10. </span>File and Directory Access</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-this"><a href=""><span class="section-number">10.3. </span><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat</span></code> — Interpreting <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code> results</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <section id="module-stat"> <span id="stat-interpreting-stat-results"></span><h1><span class="section-number">10.3. </span><a class="reference internal" href="#module-stat" title="stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat()."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat</span></code></a> — Interpreting <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.stat" title="os.stat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code></a> results<a class="headerlink" href="#module-stat" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p><strong>Source code:</strong> <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/python/cpython/tree/2.7/Lib/stat.py">Lib/stat.py</a></p> <hr class="docutils" /> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-stat" title="stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat()."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat</span></code></a> module defines constants and functions for interpreting the results of <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.stat" title="os.stat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.stat()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.fstat" title="os.fstat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fstat()</span></code></a> and <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.lstat" title="os.lstat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.lstat()</span></code></a> (if they exist). For complete details about the <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code>, <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fstat()</span></code> and <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">lstat()</span></code> calls, consult the documentation for your system.</p> <p>The <a class="reference internal" href="#module-stat" title="stat: Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(), os.lstat() and os.fstat()."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat</span></code></a> module defines the following functions to test for specific file types:</p> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISDIR"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISDIR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISDIR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return non-zero if the mode is from a directory.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISCHR"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISCHR</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISCHR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return non-zero if the mode is from a character special device file.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISBLK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISBLK</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISBLK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return non-zero if the mode is from a block special device file.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISREG"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISREG</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISREG" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return non-zero if the mode is from a regular file.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISFIFO"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISFIFO</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISFIFO" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return non-zero if the mode is from a FIFO (named pipe).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISLNK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISLNK</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISLNK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return non-zero if the mode is from a symbolic link.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISSOCK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISSOCK</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISSOCK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return non-zero if the mode is from a socket.</p> </dd></dl> <p>Two additional functions are defined for more general manipulation of the file’s mode:</p> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IMODE"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IMODE</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IMODE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the portion of the file’s mode that can be set by <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.chmod" title="os.chmod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.chmod()</span></code></a>—that is, the file’s permission bits, plus the sticky bit, set-group-id, and set-user-id bits (on systems that support them).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py function"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IFMT"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IFMT</span></span><span class="sig-paren">(</span><em class="sig-param"><span class="n"><span class="pre">mode</span></span></em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IFMT" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return the portion of the file’s mode that describes the file type (used by the <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S_IS*()</span></code> functions above).</p> </dd></dl> <p>Normally, you would use the <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path.is*()</span></code> functions for testing the type of a file; the functions here are useful when you are doing multiple tests of the same file and wish to avoid the overhead of the <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">stat()</span></code> system call for each test. These are also useful when checking for information about a file that isn’t handled by <a class="reference internal" href="os.path.html#module-os.path" title="os.path: Operations on pathnames."><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.path</span></code></a>, like the tests for block and character devices.</p> <p>Example:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">os</span><span class="o">,</span> <span class="nn">sys</span> <span class="kn">from</span> <span class="nn">stat</span> <span class="kn">import</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">walktree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="sd">'''recursively descend the directory tree rooted at top,</span> <span class="sd"> calling the callback function for each regular file'''</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">f</span> <span class="ow">in</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">listdir</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="n">pathname</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">path</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">join</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">top</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">f</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">mode</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">os</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">stat</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">st_mode</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="n">S_ISDIR</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="c1"># It's a directory, recurse into it</span> <span class="n">walktree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">elif</span> <span class="n">S_ISREG</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">mode</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="c1"># It's a file, call the callback function</span> <span class="n">callback</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">pathname</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="k">else</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="c1"># Unknown file type, print a message</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s1">'Skipping </span><span class="si">%s</span><span class="s1">'</span> <span class="o">%</span> <span class="n">pathname</span> <span class="k">def</span> <span class="nf">visitfile</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">file</span><span class="p">):</span> <span class="nb">print</span> <span class="s1">'visiting'</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">file</span> <span class="k">if</span> <span class="vm">__name__</span> <span class="o">==</span> <span class="s1">'__main__'</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="n">walktree</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">sys</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">argv</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">],</span> <span class="n">visitfile</span><span class="p">)</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>All the variables below are simply symbolic indexes into the 10-tuple returned by <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.stat" title="os.stat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.stat()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.fstat" title="os.fstat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fstat()</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.lstat" title="os.lstat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.lstat()</span></code></a>.</p> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_MODE"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_MODE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_MODE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Inode protection mode.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_INO"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_INO</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_INO" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Inode number.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_DEV"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_DEV</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_DEV" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Device inode resides on.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_NLINK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_NLINK</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_NLINK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Number of links to the inode.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_UID"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_UID</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_UID" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>User id of the owner.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_GID"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_GID</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_GID" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Group id of the owner.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_SIZE"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_SIZE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_SIZE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Size in bytes of a plain file; amount of data waiting on some special files.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_ATIME"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_ATIME</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_ATIME" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Time of last access.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_MTIME"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_MTIME</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_MTIME" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Time of last modification.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.ST_CTIME"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">ST_CTIME</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.ST_CTIME" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The “ctime” as reported by the operating system. On some systems (like Unix) is the time of the last metadata change, and, on others (like Windows), is the creation time (see platform documentation for details).</p> </dd></dl> <p>The interpretation of “file size” changes according to the file type. For plain files this is the size of the file in bytes. For FIFOs and sockets under most flavors of Unix (including Linux in particular), the “size” is the number of bytes waiting to be read at the time of the call to <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.stat" title="os.stat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.stat()</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.fstat" title="os.fstat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fstat()</span></code></a>, or <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.lstat" title="os.lstat"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.lstat()</span></code></a>; this can sometimes be useful, especially for polling one of these special files after a non-blocking open. The meaning of the size field for other character and block devices varies more, depending on the implementation of the underlying system call.</p> <p>The variables below define the flags used in the <a class="reference internal" href="#stat.ST_MODE" title="stat.ST_MODE"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ST_MODE</span></code></a> field.</p> <p>Use of the functions above is more portable than use of the first set of flags:</p> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IFSOCK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IFSOCK</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IFSOCK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Socket.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IFLNK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IFLNK</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IFLNK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Symbolic link.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IFREG"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IFREG</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IFREG" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Regular file.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IFBLK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IFBLK</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IFBLK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Block device.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IFDIR"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IFDIR</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IFDIR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Directory.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IFCHR"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IFCHR</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IFCHR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Character device.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IFIFO"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IFIFO</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IFIFO" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>FIFO.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The following flags can also be used in the <em>mode</em> argument of <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.chmod" title="os.chmod"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.chmod()</span></code></a>:</p> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISUID"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISUID</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISUID" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set UID bit.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISGID"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISGID</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISGID" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Set-group-ID bit. This bit has several special uses. For a directory it indicates that BSD semantics is to be used for that directory: files created there inherit their group ID from the directory, not from the effective group ID of the creating process, and directories created there will also get the <a class="reference internal" href="#stat.S_ISGID" title="stat.S_ISGID"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S_ISGID</span></code></a> bit set. For a file that does not have the group execution bit (<a class="reference internal" href="#stat.S_IXGRP" title="stat.S_IXGRP"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S_IXGRP</span></code></a>) set, the set-group-ID bit indicates mandatory file/record locking (see also <a class="reference internal" href="#stat.S_ENFMT" title="stat.S_ENFMT"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S_ENFMT</span></code></a>).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ISVTX"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ISVTX</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ISVTX" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Sticky bit. When this bit is set on a directory it means that a file in that directory can be renamed or deleted only by the owner of the file, by the owner of the directory, or by a privileged process.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IRWXU"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IRWXU</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IRWXU" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Mask for file owner permissions.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IRUSR"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IRUSR</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IRUSR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Owner has read permission.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IWUSR"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IWUSR</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IWUSR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Owner has write permission.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IXUSR"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IXUSR</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IXUSR" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Owner has execute permission.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IRWXG"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IRWXG</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IRWXG" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Mask for group permissions.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IRGRP"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IRGRP</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IRGRP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Group has read permission.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IWGRP"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IWGRP</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IWGRP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Group has write permission.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IXGRP"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IXGRP</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IXGRP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Group has execute permission.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IRWXO"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IRWXO</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IRWXO" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Mask for permissions for others (not in group).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IROTH"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IROTH</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IROTH" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Others have read permission.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IWOTH"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IWOTH</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IWOTH" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Others have write permission.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IXOTH"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IXOTH</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IXOTH" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Others have execute permission.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_ENFMT"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_ENFMT</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_ENFMT" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>System V file locking enforcement. This flag is shared with <a class="reference internal" href="#stat.S_ISGID" title="stat.S_ISGID"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S_ISGID</span></code></a>: file/record locking is enforced on files that do not have the group execution bit (<a class="reference internal" href="#stat.S_IXGRP" title="stat.S_IXGRP"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S_IXGRP</span></code></a>) set.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IREAD"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IREAD</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IREAD" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Unix V7 synonym for <a class="reference internal" href="#stat.S_IRUSR" title="stat.S_IRUSR"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S_IRUSR</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IWRITE"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IWRITE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IWRITE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Unix V7 synonym for <a class="reference internal" href="#stat.S_IWUSR" title="stat.S_IWUSR"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S_IWUSR</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.S_IEXEC"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">S_IEXEC</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.S_IEXEC" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Unix V7 synonym for <a class="reference internal" href="#stat.S_IXUSR" title="stat.S_IXUSR"><code class="xref py py-data docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">S_IXUSR</span></code></a>.</p> </dd></dl> <p>The following flags can be used in the <em>flags</em> argument of <a class="reference internal" href="os.html#os.chflags" title="os.chflags"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.chflags()</span></code></a>:</p> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.UF_NODUMP"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UF_NODUMP</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.UF_NODUMP" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Do not dump the file.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.UF_IMMUTABLE"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UF_IMMUTABLE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.UF_IMMUTABLE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file may not be changed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.UF_APPEND"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UF_APPEND</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.UF_APPEND" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file may only be appended to.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.UF_OPAQUE"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UF_OPAQUE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.UF_OPAQUE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The directory is opaque when viewed through a union stack.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.UF_NOUNLINK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UF_NOUNLINK</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.UF_NOUNLINK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file may not be renamed or deleted.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.UF_COMPRESSED"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UF_COMPRESSED</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.UF_COMPRESSED" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file is stored compressed (Mac OS X 10.6+).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.UF_HIDDEN"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">UF_HIDDEN</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.UF_HIDDEN" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file should not be displayed in a GUI (Mac OS X 10.5+).</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.SF_ARCHIVED"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SF_ARCHIVED</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.SF_ARCHIVED" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file may be archived.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.SF_IMMUTABLE"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SF_IMMUTABLE</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.SF_IMMUTABLE" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file may not be changed.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.SF_APPEND"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SF_APPEND</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.SF_APPEND" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file may only be appended to.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.SF_NOUNLINK"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SF_NOUNLINK</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.SF_NOUNLINK" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file may not be renamed or deleted.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="py data"> <dt class="sig sig-object py" id="stat.SF_SNAPSHOT"> <span class="sig-prename descclassname"><span class="pre">stat.</span></span><span class="sig-name descname"><span class="pre">SF_SNAPSHOT</span></span><a class="headerlink" href="#stat.SF_SNAPSHOT" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>The file is a snapshot file.</p> </dd></dl> <p>See the *BSD or Mac OS systems man page <em class="manpage">chflags(2)</em> for more 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