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 <section id="module-ossaudiodev">
<h1>21.10. <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">ossaudiodev</code></a> — Access to OSS-compatible audio devices<a class="headerlink" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<div class="versionadded">
New in version 2.3.
</div>
This module allows you to access the OSS (Open Sound System) audio interface.
OSS is available for a wide range of open-source and commercial Unices, and is
the standard audio interface for Linux and recent versions of FreeBSD.
<div class="admonition seealso">
See also
<dl class="simple">
<dt><a class="reference external" href="http://www.opensound.com/pguide/oss.pdf">Open Sound System Programmer’s Guide</a></dt><dd>the official documentation for the OSS C API
</dd>
</dl>
The module defines a large number of constants supplied by the OSS device
driver; see <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&lt;sys/soundcard.h&gt;</code> on either Linux or FreeBSD for a listing.
</div>
<a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">ossaudiodev</code></a> defines the following variables and functions:
<dl class="py exception">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError">
exception ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This exception is raised on certain errors. The argument is a string describing
what went wrong.
(If <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">ossaudiodev</code></a> receives an error from a system call such as
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">open()</code>, <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">write()</code>, or <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">ioctl()</code>, it raises <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">IOError</code>.
Errors detected directly by <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">ossaudiodev</code></a> result in <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSSAudioError</code></a>.)
(For backwards compatibility, the exception class is also available as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">ossaudiodev.error</code>.)
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.open">
ossaudiodev.open(mode)<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.open" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dt class="sig sig-object py">
ossaudiodev.open(device, mode)</dt>
<dd>Open an audio device and return an OSS audio device object. This object
supports many file-like methods, such as <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">read()</code>, <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">write()</code>, and
<code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">fileno()</code> (although there are subtle differences between conventional Unix
read/write semantics and those of OSS audio devices). It also supports a number
of audio-specific methods; see below for the complete list of methods.
device is the audio device filename to use. If it is not specified, this
module first looks in the environment variable <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">AUDIODEV</code> for a device
to use. If not found, it falls back to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">/dev/dsp</code>.
mode is one of <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'r'</code> for read-only (record) access, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'w'</code> for
write-only (playback) access and <code class="docutils literal notranslate">'rw'</code> for both. Since many sound cards
only allow one process to have the recorder or player open at a time, it is a
good idea to open the device only for the activity needed. Further, some
sound cards are half-duplex: they can be opened for reading or writing, but
not both at once.
Note the unusual calling syntax: the first argument is optional, and the
second is required. This is a historical artifact for compatibility with the
older <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">linuxaudiodev</code> module which <a class="reference internal" href="#module-ossaudiodev" title="ossaudiodev: Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. (Linux, FreeBSD)"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">ossaudiodev</code></a> supersedes.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py function">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.openmixer">
ossaudiodev.openmixer([device])<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.openmixer" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Open a mixer device and return an OSS mixer device object. device is the
mixer device filename to use. If it is not specified, this module first looks
in the environment variable <code class="xref std std-envvar docutils literal notranslate">MIXERDEV</code> for a device to use. If not
found, it falls back to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">/dev/mixer</code>.
</dd></dl>

<section id="audio-device-objects">
<h2>21.10.1. Audio Device Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#audio-device-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
Before you can write to or read from an audio device, you must call three
methods in the correct order:
<ol class="arabic simple">
<li><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">setfmt()</code> to set the output format</li>
<li><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">channels()</code> to set the number of channels</li>
<li><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">speed()</code> to set the sample rate</li>
</ol>
Alternately, you can use the <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">setparameters()</code> method to set all three audio
parameters at once. This is more convenient, but may not be as flexible in all
cases.
The audio device objects returned by <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.open" title="ossaudiodev.open"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">open()</code></a> define the following methods
and (read-only) attributes:
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.close">
oss_audio_device.close()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Explicitly close the audio device. When you are done writing to or reading from
an audio device, you should explicitly close it. A closed device cannot be used
again.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.fileno">
oss_audio_device.fileno()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.fileno" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return the file descriptor associated with the device.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.read">
oss_audio_device.read(size)<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.read" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Read size bytes from the audio input and return them as a Python string.
Unlike most Unix device drivers, OSS audio devices in blocking mode (the
default) will block <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.read" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.read"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate">read()</code></a> until the entire requested amount of data is
available.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.write">
oss_audio_device.write(data)<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.write" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Write the Python string data to the audio device and return the number of
bytes written. If the audio device is in blocking mode (the default), the
entire string is always written (again, this is different from usual Unix device
semantics). If the device is in non-blocking mode, some data may not be written
—see <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">writeall()</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall">
oss_audio_device.writeall(data)<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Write the entire Python string data to the audio device: waits until the audio
device is able to accept data, writes as much data as it will accept, and
repeats until data has been completely written. If the device is in blocking
mode (the default), this has the same effect as <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.write" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.write"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">write()</code></a>; <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.writeall"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">writeall()</code></a>
is only useful in non-blocking mode. Has no return value, since the amount of
data written is always equal to the amount of data supplied.
</dd></dl>

The following methods each map to exactly one <code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">ioctl()</code> system call. The
correspondence is obvious: for example, <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">setfmt()</code> corresponds to the
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT</code> ioctl, and <code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">sync()</code> to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">SNDCTL_DSP_SYNC</code> (this can
be useful when consulting the OSS documentation). If the underlying
<code class="xref c c-func docutils literal notranslate">ioctl()</code> fails, they all raise <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">IOError</code>.
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.nonblock">
oss_audio_device.nonblock()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.nonblock" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Put the device into non-blocking mode. Once in non-blocking mode, there is no
way to return it to blocking mode.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.getfmts">
oss_audio_device.getfmts()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.getfmts" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Return a bitmask of the audio output formats supported by the soundcard. Some
of the formats supported by OSS are:
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 36%" />
<col style="width: 64%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Format</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_MU_LAW</code></td>
<td>a logarithmic encoding (used by Sun <code class="docutils literal notranslate">.au</code>
files and <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">/dev/audio</code>)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_A_LAW</code></td>
<td>a logarithmic encoding</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_IMA_ADPCM</code></td>
<td>a 4:1 compressed format defined by the
Interactive Multimedia Association</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_U8</code></td>
<td>Unsigned, 8-bit audio</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_S16_LE</code></td>
<td>Signed, 16-bit audio, little-endian byte
order (as used by Intel processors)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_S16_BE</code></td>
<td>Signed, 16-bit audio, big-endian byte order
(as used by 68k, PowerPC, Sparc)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_S8</code></td>
<td>Signed, 8 bit audio</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_U16_LE</code></td>
<td>Unsigned, 16-bit little-endian audio</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_U16_BE</code></td>
<td>Unsigned, 16-bit big-endian audio</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Consult the OSS documentation for a full list of audio formats, and note that
most devices support only a subset of these formats. Some older devices only
support <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_U8</code>; the most common format used today is
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_S16_LE</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt">
oss_audio_device.setfmt(format)<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Try to set the current audio format to format—see <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.getfmts" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.getfmts"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">getfmts()</code></a> for a
list. Returns the audio format that the device was set to, which may not be the
requested format. May also be used to return the current audio format—do this
by passing an “audio format” of <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">AFMT_QUERY</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels">
oss_audio_device.channels(nchannels)<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Set the number of output channels to nchannels. A value of 1 indicates
monophonic sound, 2 stereophonic. Some devices may have more than 2 channels,
and some high-end devices may not support mono. Returns the number of channels
the device was set to.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed">
oss_audio_device.speed(samplerate)<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Try to set the audio sampling rate to samplerate samples per second. Returns
the rate actually set. Most sound devices don’t support arbitrary sampling
rates. Common rates are:
<table class="docutils align-default">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 14%" />
<col style="width: 86%" />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head">Rate</th>
<th class="head">Description</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td>8000</td>
<td>default rate for <code class="file docutils literal notranslate">/dev/audio</code></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>11025</td>
<td>speech recording</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>22050</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td>44100</td>
<td>CD quality audio (at 16 bits/sample and 2
channels)</td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td>96000</td>
<td>DVD quality audio (at 24 bits/sample)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.sync">
oss_audio_device.sync()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.sync" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Wait until the sound device has played every byte in its buffer. (This happens
implicitly when the device is closed.) The OSS documentation recommends closing
and re-opening the device rather than using <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.sync" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.sync"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">sync()</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.reset">
oss_audio_device.reset()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.reset" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Immediately stop playing or recording and return the device to a state where it
can accept commands. The OSS documentation recommends closing and re-opening
the device after calling <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.reset" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.reset"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">reset()</code></a>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.post">
oss_audio_device.post()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.post" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Tell the driver that there is likely to be a pause in the output, making it
possible for the device to handle the pause more intelligently. You might use
this after playing a spot sound effect, before waiting for user input, or before
doing disk I/O.
</dd></dl>

The following convenience methods combine several ioctls, or one ioctl and some
simple calculations.
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setparameters">
oss_audio_device.setparameters(format, nchannels, samplerate[, strict=False])<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setparameters" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Set the key audio sampling parameters—sample format, number of channels, and
sampling rate—in one method call. format, nchannels, and samplerate
should be as specified in the <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">setfmt()</code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">channels()</code></a>, and
<a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">speed()</code></a> methods. If strict is true, <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setparameters" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setparameters"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">setparameters()</code></a> checks to
see if each parameter was actually set to the requested value, and raises
<a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSSAudioError</code></a> if not. Returns a tuple (format, nchannels,
samplerate) indicating the parameter values that were actually set by the
device driver (i.e., the same as the return values of <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.setfmt"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">setfmt()</code></a>,
<a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.channels"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">channels()</code></a>, and <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed" title="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.speed"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">speed()</code></a>).
For example,
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>(fmt, channels, rate) = dsp.setparameters(fmt, channels, rate)
</pre></div>
</div>
is equivalent to
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>fmt = dsp.setfmt(fmt)
channels = dsp.channels(channels)
rate = dsp.rate(rate)
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.bufsize">
oss_audio_device.bufsize()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.bufsize" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Returns the size of the hardware buffer, in samples.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.obufcount">
oss_audio_device.obufcount()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.obufcount" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Returns the number of samples that are in the hardware buffer yet to be played.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.obuffree">
oss_audio_device.obuffree()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.obuffree" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Returns the number of samples that could be queued into the hardware buffer to
be played without blocking.
</dd></dl>

Audio device objects also support several read-only attributes:
<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.closed">
oss_audio_device.closed<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.closed" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Boolean indicating whether the device has been closed.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.name">
oss_audio_device.name<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.name" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>String containing the name of the device file.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py attribute">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.mode">
oss_audio_device.mode<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_audio_device.mode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>The I/O mode for the file, either <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&quot;r&quot;</code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&quot;rw&quot;</code>, or <code class="docutils literal notranslate">&quot;w&quot;</code>.
</dd></dl>

</section>
<section id="mixer-device-objects">
<h2>21.10.2. Mixer Device Objects<a class="headerlink" href="#mixer-device-objects" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2>
The mixer object provides two file-like methods:
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.close">
oss_mixer_device.close()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.close" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This method closes the open mixer device file. Any further attempts to use the
mixer after this file is closed will raise an <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">IOError</code>.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.fileno">
oss_mixer_device.fileno()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.fileno" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Returns the file handle number of the open mixer device file.
</dd></dl>

The remaining methods are specific to audio mixing:
<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls">
oss_mixer_device.controls()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This method returns a bitmask specifying the available mixer controls (“Control”
being a specific mixable “channel”, such as <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">SOUND_MIXER_PCM</code> or
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">SOUND_MIXER_SYNTH</code>). This bitmask indicates a subset of all available
mixer controls—the <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">SOUND_MIXER_*</code> constants defined at module level.
To determine if, for example, the current mixer object supports a PCM mixer, use
the following Python code:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>mixer=ossaudiodev.openmixer()
if mixer.controls() &amp; (1 &lt;&lt; ossaudiodev.SOUND_MIXER_PCM):
 # PCM is supported
 ... code ...
</pre></div>
</div>
For most purposes, the <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME</code> (master volume) and
<code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">SOUND_MIXER_PCM</code> controls should suffice—but code that uses the mixer
should be flexible when it comes to choosing mixer controls. On the Gravis
Ultrasound, for example, <code class="xref py py-const docutils literal notranslate">SOUND_MIXER_VOLUME</code> does not exist.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.stereocontrols">
oss_mixer_device.stereocontrols()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.stereocontrols" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Returns a bitmask indicating stereo mixer controls. If a bit is set, the
corresponding control is stereo; if it is unset, the control is either
monophonic or not supported by the mixer (use in combination with
<a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls" title="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">controls()</code></a> to determine which).
See the code example for the <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls" title="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">controls()</code></a> function for an example of getting
data from a bitmask.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.reccontrols">
oss_mixer_device.reccontrols()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.reccontrols" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Returns a bitmask specifying the mixer controls that may be used to record. See
the code example for <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls" title="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.controls"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate">controls()</code></a> for an example of reading from a bitmask.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.get">
oss_mixer_device.get(control)<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.get" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Returns the volume of a given mixer control. The returned volume is a 2-tuple
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">(left_volume,right_volume)</code>. Volumes are specified as numbers from 0
(silent) to 100 (full volume). If the control is monophonic, a 2-tuple is still
returned, but both volumes are the same.
Raises <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSSAudioError</code></a> if an invalid control was is specified, or
<code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">IOError</code> if an unsupported control is specified.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.set">
oss_mixer_device.set(control, (left, right))<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.set" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Sets the volume for a given mixer control to <code class="docutils literal notranslate">(left,right)</code>. <code class="docutils literal notranslate">left</code> and
<code class="docutils literal notranslate">right</code> must be ints and between 0 (silent) and 100 (full volume). On
success, the new volume is returned as a 2-tuple. Note that this may not be
exactly the same as the volume specified, because of the limited resolution of
some soundcard’s mixers.
Raises <a class="reference internal" href="#ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError" title="ossaudiodev.OSSAudioError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">OSSAudioError</code></a> if an invalid mixer control was specified, or if the
specified volumes were out-of-range.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.get_recsrc">
oss_mixer_device.get_recsrc()<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.get_recsrc" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>This method returns a bitmask indicating which control(s) are currently being
used as a recording source.
</dd></dl>

<dl class="py method">
<dt class="sig sig-object py" id="ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.set_recsrc">
oss_mixer_device.set_recsrc(bitmask)<a class="headerlink" href="#ossaudiodev.oss_mixer_device.set_recsrc" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt>
<dd>Call this function to specify a recording source. Returns a bitmask indicating
the new recording source (or sources) if successful; raises <code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate">IOError</code> if an
invalid source was specified. To set the current recording source to the
microphone input:
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre>mixer.setrecsrc (1 &lt;&lt; ossaudiodev.SOUND_MIXER_MIC)
</pre></div>
</div>
</dd></dl>

</section>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">21.10. <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate">ossaudiodev</code> — Access to OSS-compatible audio devices</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#audio-device-objects">21.10.1. Audio Device Objects</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#mixer-device-objects">21.10.2. Mixer Device Objects</a></li>
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